Theridiidae: Theridion Walckenaer, 1805
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1
 Median longitudinal band on opisthosoma with large, uniform spikes, almost white, grey or red

  2  
- Median longitudinal band on opisthosoma different

  4  
2
(1)

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 Median longitudinal band of opisthosoma almost white, with brown or black margin; male pedipalp with bipartite conductor; epigyne difficult to recognise

Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
- Prosoma red with white margin

  3  
3
(2)

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 Opisthosoma and male pedipalp as figs.; epigyne ± rectangular; prosoma yellowish with brown margin and median stripe; opisthosoma next to dorsal longitudinal band with fine white and brown points, ventrally spotted with white, with dark spot anterior to spinnerets

Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1998)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Vulva
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
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Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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 Pedipalp with conspicuous median apophysis and terminal hook on conductor; epigyne with very small central opening; prosoma light yellow with dark median stripe; opisthosoma with whitish pattern, margined with grey

Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914
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male Pedipalp
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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male Pedipalp
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
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female Epigyne
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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female Vulva
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
4
(1)		 Opisthosoma on both sides of light median band with a row of large, rectangular, dark spots as fig.

  5  
- Opisthosoma dorsally different; spots irregularly arranged

  6  
5
(4)

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 Conductor large, shovel-shaped; epigynal groove wider than long; prosoma reddish yellow with broad brown-black margin and median stripe; opisthosoma yellowish, dorsally with dark brown pattern consisting of spots

Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
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 Conductor short, distally truncated; epigynal groove approx. as long as wide

Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
6
(4)		 Opisthosoma dorsally in anterior third with dark pattern, numerous light spots on dark background or completely white, never a continuous median band

  7  
- Opisthosoma dorsally with continuous light median band as fig.

  10  
7
(6)

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 Dark spot on anterior third of opisthosoma longer than wide or opisthosoma completely white; male pedipalp with long, bent tibia; epigyne very small, black, bipartite

Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp
(Jäger et al. 2000)
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male Pedipalp
(Pesarini unpubl.)

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male Tip of embolus
(Jäger et al. 2000)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
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female Epigyne
(Pesarini unpubl.)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Jäger et al. 2000)
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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
- Dark spot in anterior third of opisthosoma wider than long or bipartite or with irregular pattern; male pedipalp and epigyne different

  8  
8
(7)

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 Opisthosoma with irregular pattern consisting of light spots, posteriorly with tubercle, ventrally black with 3 white spots; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as figs.; prosoma brown, dark margined

Achaeridion conigerum (Simon, 1914)
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male Pedipalp
(Heimer 1980)

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male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1993a)

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male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1993a)
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male Pedipalp, expanded, ventral view
(Heimer 1980)

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male Habitus, lateral view
(Knoflach 1993a)

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female Epigyne
(Knoflach 1993a)
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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1993a)

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Habitus
(Heimer 1980)

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Habitus
(Knoflach 1993a)
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Habitus, lateral view
(Kupryjanowicz 1997a)
- Different

  9  
9
(8)

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 Dark spot in anterior third large (sometimes extended over whole dorsal side) and with convex anterior margin; embolus very long, forming a large loop; epigynal groove longer than wide; prosoma yellow, head region and margin darkened

Sardinidion blackwalli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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 Dark spot in anterior third of opisthosoma often bipartite and with concave anterior margin; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as fig.; prosoma whitish yellow with fine black margin and broad, black median stripe; opisthosoma whitish yellow with fine grey or brown spots and variable pattern

Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
10
(6)

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 Light median band of opisthosoma widest in the middle, bordered by irregular black spots; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as fig.

Theridion familiare O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Hansen 1992)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
- Light median band of opisthosoma ± of the same width along its whole length with ± regularly bulged margin

  11  
11
(10)		 Conductor as wide as long, distally simple; epigynal groove as wide as long, approx. circular

  12  
- Conductor distally with complex processes; epigyne different, not circular

  15  
12
(11)

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 Bulbus with large, projecting, bipartite apophysis; epigynal groove posteriorly dark margined, anteriorly with small bulge; opisthosoma with light, laterally bulged median band, dark margined

Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
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male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1998)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Opisthosoma, lateral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)
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Prosoma, lateral view
(Knoflach 1998)

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Prosoma, frontal view
(Knoflach 1998)

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Prosoma, dorsal view
(Knoflach 1998)
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Sternum
(Knoflach 1998)

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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

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Habitus
(Jäger & Ono 2000)
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Habitus
(Jäger 1995a)

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Habitus
(Jäger 1995a)
- Bulbus and epigyne different

  13  
13
(12)

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Conductor narrow; epigynal groove shallow; copulatory opening distinctly visible; opisthosoma dorsally with longitudinal band as fig. (see also T. asopi)

Theridion betteni Wiehle, 1960
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male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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female Vulva
(Thaler 1966)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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Habitus
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
- Conductor broader; copulatory opening covered

  14  
14
(13)

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 Conductor ± circular; epigynal groove posteriorly bulged; entrance ducts forming a double loop

Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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male Embolus and conductor
(Locket et al. 1974)

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female Epigyne
(Aakra 2000a)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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female Vulva
(Aakra 2000a)
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female Vulva
(Thaler 1966)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Locket et al. 1974)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)
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 Conductor laterally with small, projecting tip; epigynal groove not bulged posteriorly; entrance ducts in numerous narrow loops

Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)

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male Embolus and conductor
(Locket et al. 1974)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)
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female Epigyne
(Aakra 2000a)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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female Vulva
(Aakra 2000a)

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female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
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female Vulva
(Locket et al. 1974)

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Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
15
(11)

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 Body length approx. 2 mm; conductor distally with 2 long tips; epigynal groove distinctly bulged anteriorly; entrance ducts long and complexly bent

Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Thaler 1966)
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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
- Body length greater than or equal 2.5 mm; conductor and epigyne different

  16  
16
(15)

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 Conductor with a single tip; epigynal groove concave posteriorly

Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872
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male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1998)

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male Pedipalp
(Aakra 2000a)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)
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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
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 Tip of conductor bipartite; posterior margin of epigynal groove straight or slightly convex; entrance ducts with double loop

Theridion petraeum L. Koch, 1872
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1998)

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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)

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female Vulva
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
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Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

Further taxa

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1. Theridion adrianopoli Drensky, 1915
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male Pedipalp
(Brignoli 1984b)

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male Pedipalp
(Brignoli 1984b)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)
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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans & Gavalas 2023)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)
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female Epigyne, lateral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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female Epigyne, aboral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2021a)
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female Epigyne
(Bosmans & Gavalas 2023)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)

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female Vulva
(Deltshev 1992a)
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female Vulva
(Deltshev 1992a)

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female Vulva
(Deltshev 1992a)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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2. Theridion albipes L. Koch, 1878
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female Habitus, dorsal view
(Mcheidze 1997)

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3. Theridion asopi Vanuytven, 2014
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

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male Pedipalp, lateral view
(Vanuytven 2014)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Vanuytven 2014)

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4. Theridion bernardi Lecigne, 2017
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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2017)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2017)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2017)
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female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2017)

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female Vulva
(Lecigne 2017)

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5. Theridion bomae Schmidt, 1957
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female Epigyne, lateral view
(Schmidt 1957)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Schmidt 1957)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Schmidt 1957)

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6. Theridion bosniense Wunderlich, 2011
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Embolus and conductor, prolateral-ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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7. Theridion cairoense Wunderlich, 2011
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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male Median apophysis, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)
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male Opisthosoma, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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female Epigyne
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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8. Theridion carpathium Brignoli, 1984
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)

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9. Theridion cinereum Thorell, 1875
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1998)

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male Pedipalp
(Thaler 1966)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2021)
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female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)

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female Vulva
(Thaler 1966)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)

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10. Theridion corcyraeum Brignoli, 1984
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)

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11. Theridion cyprusense Wunderlich, 2011
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male Pedipalp, ventro-lateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2022b)
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male Bulbus, ventro-prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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12. Theridion furfuraceum Simon, 1914
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Lecigne unpubl.)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Lecigne unpubl.)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne unpubl.)

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13. Theridion genistae Simon, 1873
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
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male Pedipalp
(Brignoli 1967c)

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male Bulbus, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2021)

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male Prosoma, lateral view
(Wunderlich 2021)
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female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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female Epigyne
(Brignoli 1967c)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
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female Vulva
(Brignoli 1967c)

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14. Theridion glaucinum Simon, 1881
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female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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female Epigyne
(Naumova 2020)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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15. Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1945
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)

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male Pedipalp
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral-ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Breitling 2020)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

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female Epigyne
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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female Epigyne
(Kloid 1994)
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female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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female Epigyne
(Crespo et al. 2009b)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Kloid 1994)

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female Vulva
(Bosmans et al. 1994)

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female Vulva
(Bosmans et al. 1994)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)

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female Opisthosoma, lateral/ventral view
(Kloid 1994)
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female Habitus, dorsal view
(Kloid 1994)

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16. Theridion harmsi Wunderlich, 2011
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018b)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018b)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018b)

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male Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018b)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Iorio 2023)
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male Embolus and conductor, prolateral-ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Embolus, prolateral-ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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male Habitus, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)
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female Habitus, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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-- Caption missing --
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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17. Theridion helena Wunderlich, 2011
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans & Gavalas 2023)

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male Bulbus, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2021a)

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male Embolic tooth, ventro-prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)
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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2023)

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female Epigyne
(Bosmans & Gavalas 2023)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2021a)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2023)

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18. Theridion hermonense Levy, 1991
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female Epigyne
(Levy 1991)

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female Vulva
(Levy 1991)

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19. Theridion histrionicum Thorell, 1875
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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20. Theridion incanescens Simon, 1890
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)

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21. Theridion innocuum Thorell, 1875
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Zamani et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Zamani et al. 2021)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva
(Azheganova 1968)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Zamani et al. 2021)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Zamani et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Zamani et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2021)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Zhong et al. 2022)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Zhong et al. 2022)

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22. Theridion italiense Wunderlich, 1995
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 1995n)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Duma 2009)
speciesimage

male Median apophysis
(Duma 2009)

 speciesimage

male Chelicera, lateral view
(Duma 2009)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Duma 2009)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Duma 2009)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Duma 2009)

 speciesimage

female Chelicerae, frontal view
(Duma 2009)
speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Duma 2009)

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23. Theridion jordanense Levy & Amitai, 1982
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, aboral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Thaler-Knoflach & El-Hennawy 2012)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)

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24. Theridion laevigatum Blackwall, 1870
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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25. Theridion lapidicola Kulczyński, 1887
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kulczyński 1887)

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26. Theridion malagaense Wunderlich, 2011
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Caria & Pantini 2023)
speciesimage

male Embolus and conductor, prolateral-ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Cephalic area, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Femur I, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)
speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Caria & Pantini 2023)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Caria & Pantini 2023)

 speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Caria & Pantini 2023)

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27. Theridion melanostictum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1998)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ono 2011)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Ono 2011)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Rozwałka et al. 2017b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2022b)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Ono 2011)
speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Rozwałka et al. 2017b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ono 2011)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, variation
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy & Amitai 1982a)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Abdel-Ghani et al. 2023)

 speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Ono 2011)

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28. Theridion modonatum Wunderlich, 2023
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2023)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2023)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, lateral view
(Wunderlich 2023)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wunderlich 2023)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2023)

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29. Theridion murarium Emerton, 1882
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, expanded, ventral view
(Levi 1957a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Levi 1957a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levi 1957a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levi 1957a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levi 1957a)

 speciesimage

female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)

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30. Theridion musivivum Schmidt, 1956
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Schmidt & Krause 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrodorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)
speciesimage

male Embolus, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

male Embolus, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

male Median apophysis, prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)
speciesimage

male Chelicera
(Schmidt & Krause 1995)

 speciesimage

male Chelicerae, frontal view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

female Epigynal plate, aboral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, aboral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, lateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Schmidt 1956d)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Schmidt & Krause 1995)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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31. Theridion mysteriosum Schmidt, 1971
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Schmidt 1971)

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32. Theridion nasutum Wunderlich, 1995
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1995a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 1995a)

 speciesimage

male Embolus and conductor
(Wunderlich 1995a)
speciesimage

male Prosoma, lateral view
(Wunderlich 1995a)

 speciesimage

male Ocular area
(Wunderlich 1995a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wunderlich 1995a)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 1995a)

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33. Theridion negebense Levy & Amitai, 1982
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 1998b)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)

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34. Theridion ochreolum Levy & Amitai, 1982
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levy 1998b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Levy 1998b)

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35. Theridion pallasi Ponomarev, 2007
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ponomarev 2007b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ponomarev 2007b)

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36. Theridion parvulum Blackwall, 1870
speciesimage

male Eyes, frontal view
(Blackwall 1870a)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Blackwall 1870a)

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37. Theridion patrizii Caporiacco, 1933
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1933)

 speciesimage

female Opisthosoma, lateral view
(Caporiacco 1933)

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38. Theridion pinicola Simon, 1873
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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cp

39. Theridion prominens Blackwall, 1870
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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40. Theridion promiscuum Domènech & Crespo, 2020
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

 speciesimage

male Embolus
(Domènech et al. 2020)
speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Domènech et al. 2020)
speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2020)

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41. Theridion purcelli O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, lateral view
(Benoit 1977a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Benoit 1977a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Benoit 1977a)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Benoit 1977a)

 speciesimage

female Chelicera
(Benoit 1977a)

 speciesimage

female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Benoit 1977a)
speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2021)

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42. Theridion pyrenaeum Denis, 1945
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)
speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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43. Theridion rubrum (Keyserling, 1886)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levi 1963)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levi 1963)

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44. Theridion semitinctum Simon, 1914
speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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45. Theridion sibiricum Marusik, 1988
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Marusik 1988a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Marusik 1988a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik 1988a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Marusik 1988a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Marusik 1988a)

 speciesimage

female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Marusik 1988a)

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46. Theridion spinitarse O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, lateral view
(Soliman et al. 2018)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Soliman et al. 2018)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Denis 1945b)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach et al. 2009b)

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cp

47. Theridion swarczewskii Werjbitzky, 1902
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Werjbitzky 1902)

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cp

48. Theridion tenellum C. L. Koch, 1841
speciesimage

female Habitus
(C. L. Koch 1841)

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49. Theridion trifile Simon, 1907
speciesimage

female Epigyne, lateral view
(Tullgren 1910)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Tullgren 1910)

 speciesimage

Prosoma, dorsal view
(Deady & Allen 2024)

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50. Theridion uhligi Martin, 1974
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Jocqué 1977a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Jocqué 1977a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, lateral view
(Jocqué 1977a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gajdoš et al. 2019)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Jocqué 1977a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Gajdoš et al. 2019)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

Habitus
(Jocqué 1977a)

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51. Theridion varians cyrenaicum Caporiacco, 1933
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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52. Theridion varians rusticum Simon, 1873
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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53. Theridion wiehlei Schenkel, 1938
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Denis 1945a)

 speciesimage

male Median apophysis, prolateral view
(Denis 1945a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Denis 1945a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Deltshev 1992a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Breitling 2020)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Breitling 2020)