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Theridiidae  Sundevall, 1833 / Theridion  Walckenaer, 1805   54 species

Theridion varians  Hahn, 1833

WSC LSID urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008769

Key to genera | Key to species

Description

Bulbus with large, projecting bipartite apophysis. Epigyne with posteriorly dark margined epigynal groove, anteriorly with small bulge. Prosoma light yellow, with dark margin and broad, brown median stripe. Sternum light yellow, with dark margin, sometimes completely brown. Chelicerae yellowish-grey. Legs yellowish, annulated with grey. Opisthosoma with bright, laterally bulged, dark margined median band, otherwise very variable (yellowish, grey, pink and also black).

Body length male: 2.5-3.5 mm
Body length female: 2.5-4 mm
Additional information

On perennials and bushes, also on buildings, in the mountains up to and above 1000 m. Egg sac whitish, with 20 to 60 eggs.

Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2021): Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China. Introduced to Canada, USA
Phenology
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
 male  female
Females with a peak in June and July, egg sac in July.
Figures
species

male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

species

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1998)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

species

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral-basal view
(Wunderlich 1977a)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral-basal view
(Wunderlich 1977a)

species

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

male Opisthosoma, lateral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

species

male Habitus, lateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

species

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

species

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

species

female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Vulva
(Knoflach 1998)

species

female Vulva
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Prosoma, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Sternum
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

Prosoma, lateral view
(Knoflach 1998)

species

Prosoma, frontal view
(Knoflach 1998)

species

Prosoma, dorsal view
(Knoflach 1998)

species

Sternum
(Knoflach 1998)

species

Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

species

Habitus
(Jäger & Ono 2000)

species

Habitus
(Jäger 1995a)

species

Habitus
(Jäger 1995a)

Distribution List
Albania   (Deltshev et al., 2011b) ||| Andorra   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Austria   (no references) ||| Azerbaijan   (Otto, 2020) ||| Belarus   (Ivanov, 2013) ||| Belgium   (no references) ||| Bulgaria   (Blagoev et al., 2018) ||| Croatia   (no references) ||| Czechia   (no references) ||| Denmark   (no references) ||| Egypt   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Estonia   (no references) ||| Finland   (Koponen et al., 2016) ||| France   (no references) ||| France / Corsica   (no references) ||| Georgia   (Otto, 2020) ||| Germany   (no references) ||| Greece   (no references) ||| Greece / Crete   (Bosmans et al., 2013) ||| Hungary   (Samu & Szinetár, 1999) ||| Ireland   (no references) ||| Italy   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Italy / Sardinia   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Italy / Sicily   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Latvia   (Cera, 2018) ||| Libya   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Liechtenstein   (no references) ||| Lithuania   (no references) ||| Luxembourg   (Hermann, 1998; Kreuels et al., 2019) ||| Moldova   (no references) ||| Montenegro   (no references) ||| Netherlands   (no references) ||| North Macedonia   (no references) ||| Northern Ireland   (no references) ||| Norway   (Aakra & Hauge, 2003) ||| Poland   (no references) ||| Portugal   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Romania   (no references) ||| Russia, Central   (no references) ||| Russia, Eastern   (no references) ||| Russia, Kaliningrad Region   (no references) ||| Russia, Northern   (no references) ||| Russia, Southern   (Otto, 2020) ||| Russia, Western   (no references) ||| Serbia   (no references) ||| Slovakia   (no references) ||| Slovenia   (Kostanjšek & Kuntner, 2015) ||| Spain   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Spain / Balearic Islands   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Sweden   (Kronestedt, 2001) ||| Switzerland   (no references) ||| Turkey (Asia)   (Danışman et al., 2021a) ||| Turkey (Europe)   (Danışman et al., 2021a) ||| Ukraine   (Polchaninova & Prokopenko, 2019) ||| United Kingdom   (no references) |||
References

Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 pdf

Azheganova N S (1968) Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, 149pp. pdf

Barrientos J A, Febrer B (2017) Arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España). Nuevos datos. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 31: 8-24 pdf

Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018) pdf

Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Kronestedt T, Alderweireldt M, Bosselaers J, De Koninck H (2013) Spiders of Crete (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from the Greek island of Crete. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 28 (Suppl. 1): 1-147 pdf

Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019

Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254 pdf

Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152 pdf

Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2021a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2021 [last updated 1 January 2021], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info pdf

Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144 pdf

Helsdingen P J van (2013) A quick scan of the spider fauna of the European part of Turkey. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 33: 29-38 pdf

Hermann E (1998) Die Spinnen (Araneae) ausgewählter Halbtrockenrasen im Osten Luxemburgs. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes Luxembourgeois 99: 189-199 pdf

Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311 pdf

Jäger P (1995a) Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Araneae) der Wahner Heide (Nordrhein-Westfalen) mit Anmerkungen zur Biologie und Taxonomie. Diplomarbeit, Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln pdf

Jäger P, Ono H (2000) The Sparassidae of Japan. I. New species of Olios, Heteropoda and Sinopoda with remarks on known species (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Arachnologica 49: 41-60 pdf

Knoflach B (1998) Mating in Theridion varians Hahn and related species (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Natural History 32: 545-604 pdf

Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm pdf

Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91 pdf

Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230 pdf

Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001] pdf

Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp. pdf

Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)

Otto S (2020) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 03.2020. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.

Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152 pdf

Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App pdf

Roberts M J (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. pdf

Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184 pdf

Wiehle H (1937) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VIII. 26: Familie Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 119-222 pdf

WSC (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (22.09.2021) doi: 10.24436/2 pdf

Wunderlich J (1977a) Zur Synonymie südeuropäischer Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneida: Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Gnaphosidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57: 289-293 pdf

Updates
20-06-2021 Distribution update Detail
18-03-2020 Distribution insert Detail
30-01-2019 Image insert
30-12-2017 Distribution update Detail
21-10-2015 Distribution update Detail
22-01-2015 Image insert
24-12-2013 Distribution update Detail
04-12-2013 Distribution update Detail
01-12-2013 Distribution update Detail
15-10-2013 Distribution update Detail
15-04-2013 Distribution update Detail