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1 |
Colouration dark brown-red to black-brown with yellowish coxae and femora I-IV | |||||||
- | Coxa and femora I-IV darker | |||||||
2 (1) |
Male pedipalp with short and robust spines on femur and tibia; epigynal groove with conspicuous transverse folds Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833) |
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- | Different | |||||||
3 (2) |
Tibial apophysis short; Epigyne as fig. Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897 |
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- | Tibial apophysis long; Epigyne with bar-like protruding corners on posterior margin Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878 |
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4 (1) |
Males | |||||||
- | Females | |||||||
5 (4) |
Embolic base (partly) covered by bulbus |
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- | Embolic base visible | |||||||
6 (5) |
Bulbus with stout thorn, directed toward dorsal side Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Bulbus with small thorn Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872 |
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7 (5) |
Bulbus distally with 2 hook-shaped apophyses Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939 |
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- | Bulbus distally with one apophysis | |||||||
8 (7) |
Distal apophysis hook-shaped |
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- | Distal apophysis not hook-shaped |
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9 (8) |
Embolus long and whip-shaped with robust, bent apophysis (can be broken off) Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Embolus different | |||||||
10 (9) |
Embolus stout, occupies ± the whole inner side of cymbium Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) |
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- | Embolus occupies < 1/2 of inner side of cymbium | |||||||
11 (10) |
Embolic base with rectangular process |
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- | Different | |||||||
12 (11) |
Embolus slightly bent, its base almost at the same level as base of hook-shaped apophysis Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878 |
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- | Embolus ± straight, its base more distant from apophysis Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879 |
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13 (11) |
Embolic base with longish process Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895 |
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- | Embolic base without process Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866) |
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14 (8) |
Embolus broad and stout Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Embolus slender, with whip-like tip | |||||||
15 (14) |
Base of distal apophysis angularly bent or with step |
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- | Base of distal apophysis not angularly bent or without step Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) |
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16 (15) |
Base of distal apophysis angularly bent Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877 |
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- | Base of distal apophysis with a step Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) |
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17 (4) |
Scapus weakly developed Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877 |
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- | Scapus distinctly developed | |||||||
18 (17) |
Epigynal margins with bar-like protrusions | |||||||
- | Epigynal margins also with pocket-like infoldings | |||||||
19 (18) |
Scapus wider than long Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Scapus longer than wide | |||||||
20 (19) |
Scapus almost reaching to epigynal margin Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Scapus shorter | |||||||
21 (20) |
Lateral epigynal margins outwardly bent Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Lateral epigynal margins bent, but not outwardly bent Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872 |
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22 (18) |
Scapus very broad, touching bar like protrusions of lateral epigynal margins Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) |
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- | Scapus not touching lateral protrusions | |||||||
23 (22) |
Ridges of cuticular fold outwardly bent anteriorly | |||||||
- | Different | |||||||
24 (23) |
Scapus not reaching beyond the middle part of epigyne | |||||||
- | Scapus longer Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895 |
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25 (24) |
Epigyne more roundish Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879 |
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- | Epigyne laterally more edged Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) |
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26 (23) |
Scapus reaching 1/3 of epigynal length Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Scapus longer | |||||||
27 (26) |
Lateral epigynal margins angularly bent Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866) |
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- | Different | |||||||
28 (27) |
Epigynal groove almost circular Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878 |
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- | Different; Epigyne and vulva as figs. Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939 |
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1. Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878 | ||||||||
2. Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011 | ||||||||
3. Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878 |
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4. Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 | ||||||||
5. Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 |
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6. Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903 |
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7. Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914 |
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8. Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 |
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9. Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914 |
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10. Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981 | ||||||||
11. Gnaphosa cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949) |
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12. Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011 |
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13. Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018 | ||||||||
14. Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 | ||||||||
15. Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015 |
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16. Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879 |
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17. Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958 | ||||||||
18. Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997 |
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19. Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878 |
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20. Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878 |
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21. Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875 | ||||||||
22. Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 | ||||||||
23. Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949 |
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24. Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 |
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25. Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998 |
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26. Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875 | ||||||||
27. Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 | ||||||||
28. Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955 |
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29. Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878 | ||||||||
30. Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878 |
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31. Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018 | ||||||||
32. Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922 | ||||||||
33. Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972 | ||||||||
34. Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 |
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35. Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) | ||||||||
36. Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | ||||||||
37. Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878 |
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38. Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | ||||||||
39. Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908 | ||||||||
40. Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 |
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41. Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875 | ||||||||
42. Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | ||||||||
43. Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880 |
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![]() | 44. Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942 | |
![]() | 45. Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882 | |
![]() | 46. Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900 | |
![]() | 47. Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905 | |
![]() | 48. Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900 | |
![]() | 49. Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900 | |
![]() | 50. Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900 | |
![]() | 51. Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878 | |
![]() | 52. Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885 | |
![]() | 53. Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878 |