araneae - Gnaphosa

Gnaphosidae: Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804

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Colouration dark brown-red to black-brown with yellowish coxae and femora I-IV

Coxa and femora I-IV darker

Male pedipalp with short and robust spines on femur and tibia; epigynal groove with conspicuous transverse folds

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)	Habitus (Tullgren 1946)

Different

3
(2)

Tibial apophysis short; Epigyne as fig.

Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedicel, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Tibial apophysis long; Epigyne with bar-like protruding corners on posterior margin

Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

4
(1)

Males

Females

5
(4)

Embolic base (partly) covered by bulbus

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Embolic base visible

6
(5)

Bulbus with stout thorn, directed toward dorsal side

Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1951)

Bulbus with small thorn

Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

7
(5)

Bulbus distally with 2 hook-shaped apophyses

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

Pedipalp (Holm 1945)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Pedipalp, dorsal view (Holm 1945)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Holm 1945)

Bulbus distally with one apophysis

8
(7)

Distal apophysis hook-shaped

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Distal apophysis not hook-shaped

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

9
(8)

Embolus long and whip-shaped with robust, bent apophysis (can be broken off)

Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Embolus different

10
(9)

Embolus stout, occupies ± the whole inner side of cymbium

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1998)

Embolus occupies < 1/2 of inner side of cymbium

11
(10)

Embolic base with rectangular process

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Different

12
(11)

Embolus slightly bent, its base almost at the same level as base of hook-shaped apophysis

Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878

Embolus ± straight, its base more distant from apophysis

Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879

Pedipalp (Staręga 1972)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Staręga 1972)
Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1998)

13
(11)

Embolic base with longish process

Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roșca 1968)

Embolic base without process

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1998)

14
(8)

Embolus broad and stout

Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Embolus slender, with whip-like tip

15
(14)

Base of distal apophysis angularly bent or with step

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Base of distal apophysis not angularly bent or without step

Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Felton 1997)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

16
(15)

Base of distal apophysis angularly bent

Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877

Pedipalp, ventral view (Felton 1997)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Felton 1997)
Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Base of distal apophysis with a step

Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Pesarini 2000)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

17
(4)

Scapus weakly developed

Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Scapus distinctly developed

18
(17)

Epigynal margins with bar-like protrusions

Epigynal margins also with pocket-like infoldings

19
(18)

Scapus wider than long

Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Scapus longer than wide

20
(19)

Scapus almost reaching to epigynal margin

Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Azheganova 1968)	Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Scapus shorter

21
(20)

Lateral epigynal margins outwardly bent

Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Lateral epigynal margins bent, but not outwardly bent

Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872

Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

22
(18)

Scapus very broad, touching bar like protrusions of lateral epigynal margins

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Roberts 1998)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Tullgren 1946)	Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Scapus not touching lateral protrusions

23
(22)

Ridges of cuticular fold outwardly bent anteriorly

Different

24
(23)

Scapus not reaching beyond the middle part of epigyne

Scapus longer

Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895

Epigyne
(Roșca 1968)

25
(24)

Epigyne more roundish

Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879

Epigyne (Roberts 1998)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Staręga 1972)
Vulva (Miller 1947)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Epigyne laterally more edged

Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

26
(23)

Scapus reaching 1/3 of epigynal length

Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Agnarsson 1996)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Scapus longer

27
(26)

Lateral epigynal margins angularly bent

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Noordam 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Roberts 1998)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1946)

Different

28
(27)

Epigynal groove almost circular

Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878

Different; Epigyne and vulva as figs.

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Further taxa

1. Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878

Pedipalp, ventral view (Pesarini 2000)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Di Franco 1992)	Cymbium and tibia, dorsal view (Di Franco 1992)
Epigyne (Pesarini 2000)	Epigyne (Di Franco 1992)	Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Epigyne (Taberlet unpubl.)
Vulva (Di Franco 1992)	Vulva, ventral view (Taberlet unpubl.)	Vulva, dorsal view (Taberlet unpubl.)
Vulva, posterior view (Taberlet unpubl.)

2. Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 2011a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 2011a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 2015b)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)	Embolic division, ventral view (Wunderlich 2023)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 2015b)	Habitus, dorsal view (Wunderlich 2015b)	Epigyne (Wunderlich 2017)
Epigyne (Lozano & Alameda-Martín 2020)	Epigyne (Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)	Vulva (Wunderlich 2017)
Vulva, dorsal view (Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)	Vulva, dorsal view (Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

3. Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878

Pedipalp in detail (Simon 1914)	Tip of tibial apophysis (Simon 1914)	Palpal tibia (Simon 1914)
Epigyne (Simon 1914)

4. Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)
Vulva (Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)

5. Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

6. Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

7. Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

8. Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903

Pedipalp, ventral view (Chatzaki et al. 2002a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Chatzaki et al. 2002a)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002a)
Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002a)

9. Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914

Pedipalp in detail
(Simon 1914)

10. Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

11. Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

12. Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev et al. 2017b)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)

13. Gnaphosa cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949)

Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1949b)

14. Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2011)

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2011)

15. Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view (Řezáč et al. 2018a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Řezáč et al. 2018a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Řezáč et al. 2018a)	Pedicel, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne (Řezáč et al. 2018a)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Řezáč et al. 2018a)

16. Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)	Embolus, prolateral view (Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Simon 1914)	Epigyne (Déjean 2015c)
Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Epigyne (Iorio 2023)	Epigyne (Gierlasiński 2023)
Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
Vulva (Gierlasiński 2023)

17. Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev 2015)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev 2015)	Epigyne, ventral view (Ponomarev 2015)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ponomarev 2015)

18. Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879

Epigyne
(Herman 1879)

Eyes, frontal view
(Herman 1879)

19. Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2020b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

20. Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997

Epigyne, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

Vulva
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

21. Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878

Bulbal apophysis (Simon 1914)	Bulbal apophysis, lateral view (Simon 1914)	Tibial apophysis (Simon 1914)
Epigyne, ventral view (Simon 1914)

22. Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878

Pedipalp (Breuss 2001)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Breuss 2001)	Epigyne (Breuss 2001)
Vulva (Breuss 2001)

23. Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)	Pedipalp, prolateral-ventral view (Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

24. Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

25. Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

26. Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949

Epigyne, ventral view
(Caporiacco 1949a)

27. Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

28. Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

29. Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998

Epigyne
(Mcheidze 1997)

Habitus
(Mcheidze 1997)

30. Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)

31. Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Szita et al. 2006)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Szita et al. 2006)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Grbić et al. 2021)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Grbić et al. 2021)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Grbić et al. 2021)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Šestáková et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Šestáková et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Šestáková et al. 2022)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Szita et al. 2006)
Epigyne (Grbić et al. 2021)	Epigyne (Šestáková et al. 2022)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva (Szita et al. 2006)	Vulva, dorsal view (Grbić et al. 2021)

32. Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955

Epigyne, ventral view (Tullgren 1942)	Vulva, ventral view (Tullgren 1942)	Vulva, dorsal view (Tullgren 1942)

33. Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

34. Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

35. Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878

Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket et al. 1974)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Tip of pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Bulbal apophysis, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Palpal tibia (Locket et al. 1974)	Palpal tibia, dorso-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Palpal tibia, dorso-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Tibial apophysis (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Epigyne (Lecigne 2018a)
Epigyne (Lecigne 2018a)	Epigyne (Iorio unpubl.)	Vulva, dorsal view (Lecigne 2018a)
Vulva (Lecigne 2018a)	Vulva, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Breitling 2020)

36. Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

37. Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018

Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2018a)	Epigyne (Lecigne 2018a)	Epigyne (Lecigne 2018a)
Epigyne (Lecigne 2018a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Lecigne 2018a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Lecigne 2018a)
Vulva, dorsal view (Lecigne 2018a)	Vulva, ventral view (Lecigne 2018a)

38. Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, dorsal view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)	Vulva, ventral view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)

39. Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp in detail, ventro-prolateral view (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Embolar base (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

40. Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

41. Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

42. Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

43. Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Szita et al. 2006)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Szita et al. 2006)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev 2008b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev 2008b)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Gajdoš et al. 2019)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Gajdoš et al. 2019)	Epigyne (Levy 1995)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Szita et al. 2006)	Epigyne (Gajdoš et al. 2019)
Epigyne (Naumova et al. 2021)	Vulva (Levy 1995)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva (Szita et al. 2006)

44. Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)
Embolus (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)	Palpal tibia, lateral view (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Epigyne, ventral view (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

45. Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

46. Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Seropian et al. 2023b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Seropian et al. 2023b)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Zamani et al. 2020c)
Epigyne (Seropian et al. 2023b)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva, dorsal view (Zamani et al. 2020c)
Vulva, dorsal view (Seropian et al. 2023b)

47. Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne (Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne (Morka unpubl.)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Vulva (Fjellberg unpubl.)
Vulva, dorsal view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)	Vulva, ventral view (Løvbrekke unpubl.)

48. Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne, ventral view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

49. Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

50. Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Bulbus, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)

51. Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

52. Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Azarkina et al. 2018a)	Bulbus, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)
Epigyne (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2005a)

53. Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Di Franco 1994a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Di Franco 1994a)	Epigyne, ventral view (Di Franco 1994a)
Epigyne (Denis 1966a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Di Franco 1994a)