Family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

In case you find an error or have a specific suggestion, please follow this link: click
1

Tibia IV with one dorsal bristle

 

N.B.: This key to the linyphiid genera is based on Heimer & Nentwig (1991) and needs to be completely revised.

An alternative online key to linyphiid species is provided by Anna Stäubli.

  2  

-

Tibia IV with 2 dorsal bristles

  85  

2
(1)
Metatarsus I with one dorsal bristle

  3  

- Metatarsus I without dorsal bristle

  4  

3
(2)
Cymbium of male pedipalp with dorsal spur bearing stout bristles distally; epigyne backwardly elongated, deeply divided

Sintula

- Cymbium with small spur at most and without stout bristles

Centromerus

4
(2)
Tibia I-II ventrally with single, stout bristles in a double row, not row of bristles like in Hypselistes or Pocadicnemis

  5  

- Tibia I-II ventrally without spines

  7  

5
(4)
Metatarsus IV dorsally with 1 trichobothrium

  6  

- Metatarsus IV without trichobothria

Satilatlas

6
(5)
Tibia and Metatarsus I-II ventrally with short, stout spines and long bristles respectively; prosoma ± unicoloured grey

Maso

- Metatarsus I-II without ventral spines; Prosoma with distinct dark margin and median stripe

Minicia

7
(4)
Metatarsus IV with trichobothria

  8  

- Metatarsus IV without trichobothria

  36  

8
(7)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.35-0.6

  9  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I > 0.6

  18  

9
(8)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I < 0.4

  10  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.4-0.6

  13  

10
(9)
Prosoma length : width = 1.2-1.25; opisthosoma short and compact

  11  

- Prosoma length : width = 1.4; opisthosoma longish

  12  

11
(10)
Opisthosoma dorsally leather-like, often with scuticula

Ceratinella

- Opisthosoma not leather-like, always with scuticula

Asthenargus

12
(10)
Basal bristle on tibia I at < 0.15

Walckenaeria

- Basal bristle on tibia I at ± 0.2

Entelecara

13
(9)
Paired tarsal claws with strikingly long comb-like teeth

Walckenaeria

- Teeth of paired claws short or missing

  14  

14
(13)
Sternum densely provided with impressed dots

Dicymbium

- Sternum smooth

  15  

15
(14)
Trichobothrium at metatarsus I < 0.55

Entelecara

- Trichobothrium at metatarsus I at 0.6

  16  

16
(15)
Tibia of male pedipalp with divided, bent apophysis and tufts of bristles; epigynal plate with longitudinal bulge

Entelecara

- Male tibial apophysis undivided; epigyne different

  17  

17
(16)
Male pedipalp with large, bent tibia apophysis; male chelicerae anteriorly with protuberance; epigyne posteriorly with small recess

Gnathonarium

- Male pedipalp with small, hook-shaped apophysis; epigyne as fig.

Trematocephalus

18
(8)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.6-0.8

  19  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I > 0.8

  28  

19
(18)
Head region in males with tower-like elevation, in females elevated

Walckenaeria

- Different

  20  

20
(19)
Basal bristle on tibia I < 0.2

Trichopterna

- Basal bristle on tibia I > 0.2

  21  

21
(20)
Tibia I with one bristle

  22  

- Tibia I with 2 bristles

  23  

22
(21)
Bristle on tibia I in males < diameter of tibia, in females > diameter of tibia; male prosoma as fig.

Dismodicus

- Male prosoma with bipartite cephalic lobe; tibial apophysis as fig.; bristle on tibia I in females < diameter of tibia

Hypomma

23
(21)
Male pedipalp with large dorsal apophysis bearing a rounded lateral branch; median part of epigyne approx. circularly extended anteriorly

Walckenaeria

- Different

  24  

24
(23)
Bristle on tibia IV < diameter of tibia

  25  

- Bristle on tibia IV > diameter of tibia

  26  

25
(24)
Tibia of male pedipalp >> cymbium; median epigynal part as fig.

Tmeticus

- Tibia of male pedipalp ≤ cymbium; median epigynal part different

Baryphyma

26
(24)
Embolus short, robust and spiral; epigyne with lateral grooves

Hylyphantes

- Different

  27  

27
(26)
Male pedipalp with robust, bent lateral tibial apophysis; median epigynal part twice as wide as long

Gongylidium

- Male pedipalp with one to several short dorsal tibial apophysis; median epigynal part ± as long as wide

Oedothorax

28
(18)
Opisthosoma and legs with striking long hairs

Lasiargus

- Different

  29  

29
(28)
Dorsal line of prosoma posterior to head region distinctly depressed

  30  

- Dorsal line of prosoma without depression

  31  

30
(29)
Male prosoma strongly elevated and laterally compressed; pedipalp as fig.; median epigynal part distinctly wider than long

Abacoproeces

- Male prosoma elevated but without lateral depression; male pedipalp different; median epigynal part considerably longer than wide

Metopobactrus

31
(29)
Male prosoma with strongly haired and projecting "nose" or narrow cephalic lobe; receptaculum seminis comma like visible through epigyne; epigyne as fig.

Baryphyma

- Different

  32  

32
(31)
Bristle on tibia IV > 1.5 diameter of tibia

  33  

- Bristle on tibia IV < 1.5 diameter of tibia

  34  

33
(32)
Bristle on tibia I at 0.25, on tibia IV at 0.35; male prosoma strongly elevated with deep groove in median part; epigyne as fig.

Peponocranium

- Bristle on tibia I at 0.15, on tibia IV < 0.25; male prosoma without groove; epigyne with X-shaped entrance ducts

Pocadicnemis

34
(32)
Legs strikingly orange

  35  

- Legs different

Trichopterna

35
(34)
Ventral tibial bristles > diameter of tibia; embolus with broad membrane; median epigynal plate anteriorly bi-lobed or epigyne strongly sclerotised

Hypselistes

- Ventral tibial bristles < diameter of tibia, embolus different; tibia and patella thickened; epigyne different, e.g. as fig.

Gonatium

36
(7)
Tibia I dorsally with 1 or 2 bristles

  37  

- Tibia I-II dorsally without bristles; tibia III-IV dorsally with one bristle

Silometopus

37
(36)
Tibia I-III with 2 bristles; tibia IV with one bristle

  38  

- tibial bristles different

  54  

38
(37)
Trichobothria on metatarsus I at ≤ 0.4

  39  

- Trichobothria on metatarsus I at > 0.4

  45  

39
(38)
Eyes very small, partly reduced

Pseudomaro

- Eyes normally developed

  40  

40
(39)
Distance between posterior median eyes > 2 diameters, male prosoma laterally with horns, bearing bristles (compare also P. inconspicuus); median epigynal part square, trapezoid or a bit longer than wide

Panamomops

- Distance between posterior median eyes smaller

  41  

41
(40)
Distance between posterior median eyes = diameter

  42  

- Distance of posterior median eyes < diameter

  44  

42
(41)
Body length larger or equal 2.5 mm

  43  

- Body length < 2.0 mm

Typhochrestus

43
(42)
Embolus long and spirally twisted; epigyne posteriorly with broad plate

Lessertia

- Embolus short and straight; epigyne with distinct groove

Collinsia

44
(41)
Male pedipalp with very small tibial apophysis; median epigynal part small and triangular

Diplocentria

- Male pedipalp with large, mostly bent apophysis; median epigynal part elongated beyond epigastric furrow

Asthenargus

45
(38)
Margin of prosoma and anterior side of chelicerae with robust teeth

Erigone

- Margin of prosoma different

  46  

46
(45)
Distance between posterior median eyes > diameter

  47  

- Distance between posterior median eyes ≤ diameter

  48  

47
(46)
Distance between posterior median eyes > 2 diameters

Scotinotylus

- Distance between posterior median eyes a bit more than its diameter

Semljicola

48
(46)
Male pedipalp with 2 short tibial apophysis; Epigyne with transverse oval receptaculum seminis, visible through epigyne, taking up almost whole width of epigyne

Diplocentria

- Different

  49  

49
(48)
Short embolus forming a loop next to distal parts of bulbus; epigyne width larger or equal its length

Mecynargus

- Embolus different; epigyne width < length

  50  

50
(49)
Prosoma posterior to eye region distinctly elevated but without lateral depressions

Cinetata

- Different

  51  

51
(50)
Male metatarsus I strongly thickened; female prosoma anteriorly with distinct elevation; epigyne as fig.

Erigonoplus

- Different

  52  

52
(51)
Male prosoma with bird-head-like process or forwardly protruding cephalic lobe with large lateral depressions; epigynal plate trapezoid

Caracladus

- Different

  53  

53
(52)
Embolus very short and bent; tibial apophysis large, bent, broadly truncated; median epigynal part triangular posteriorly, tapering into a narrow stalk anteriorly

Semljicola

- Embolus longer and twisted; tibial apophysis smaller; epigyne different

Mecopisthes

54
(37)
Tibia I-II with 2 bristles, tibia III-IV with one bristle

  55  

- All tibiae with one bristle

  70  

55
(54)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at < 0.4

  56  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at ≥ 0.4

  61  

56
(55)
Prosoma and sternum with numerous impressed dots

Lophomma

- Prosoma and sternum without impressed dots

  57  

57
(56)
Embolus long and band-shaped; epigyne with large groove, anteriorly bipartite or with chitinous wall

  58  

- Embolus shorter; epigyne different

  59  

58
(57)
Male prosoma with lateral depressions; vulva with short, bent entrance ducts

Micrargus

- Male prosoma without lateral depressions; entrance ducts very long and spirally twisted

Lessertinella

59
(57)
Embolus very short; epigyne as fig.

Jacksonella

- Embolus longer, slightly bent or twisted; epigynal plate reaching beyond epigastric furrow

  60  

60
(59)
Male pedipalp without distinctly marked off tibial apophysis; epigyne as fig.

Mioxena

- Male pedipalp different; epigyne different

Carorita

61
(55)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at approx. 0.4

  62  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at > 0.45

  66  

62
(61)
Male prosoma laterally with a tuft of hairs on each side

Saloca

- Different

  63  

63
(62)
Embolus very long, spirally twisted; epigyne slit-like

  64  

- Different

  65  

64
(63)
Distance between posterior median eyes > 2 diameters

Araeoncus

- Distance between posterior median eyes ± diameter

Metapanamomops

65
(63)
Male pedipalp with very small tibial apophysis; embolus relatively long; epigyne simple, reaching beyond epigastric furrow

Caviphantes

- Male pedipalp different; tibial apophysis large; embolus short and robust; epigyne complex, not reaching beyond epigastric furrow

Gongylidiellum

66
(61)
Sternum with impressed dots

Erigonella

- Sternum smooth

  67  

67
(66)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at ≥ 0.55; male prosoma posterior to eyes with deep depression; epigyne as fig.

Notioscopus

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at < 0.55; male prosoma and epigyne different

  68  

68
(67)
Male prosoma tower-like elevated in the area of anterior median eyes

Savignia

- Different

  69  

69
(68)
Basal bristle on tibia IV at < 0.15

Glyphesis

- Basal bristle on tibia IV at ≥ 0.3

Diplocephalus

70
(54)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at < 0.5

  71  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at > 0.5

  76  

71
(70)
Sternum with impressed dots

  72  

- Sternum smooth

  73  

72
(71)
Bristle on tibia I at 0.2; cymbium with short row of bristles; embolus very long; epigyne with ± transverse oval plate

Cnephalocotes

- Bristle on tibia I at 0.1; cymbium different; embolus shorter; epigyne different

Troxochrus

73
(71)
Tibia dark; male pedipalp with 2 short and one very long, sickle-shaped tibial apophysis; epigyne with distinct median epigynal plate, not strongly protruding towards posterior end

Trichoncus

- Different

  74  

74
(73)
Eyes of normal size; distance between posterior median eyes = diameter

  75  

- Eyes very small; distance between posterior median eyes > 3 diameters

Acartauchenius

75
(74)
Bristle on tibia IV > diameter of tibia; male prosoma elevated and with lateral depression; epigyne reaching beyond epigastric furrow

Minyriolus

- Bristle on tibia IV < diameter of tibia; male prosoma different; epigyne not reaching beyond epigastric furrow

Microctenonyx

76
(70)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.5-0.65

  77  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at > 0.7

  84  

77
(76)
Clypeus nose-like protruding, in females less pronounced; epigyne with strongly sclerotised, triangular plate

Troxochrus

- Different

  78  

78
(77)
Prosoma dorsally with radial rows of impressed dots; opisthosoma with dorsal scuticula (in females often missing)

Pelecopsis

- Prosoma without impressed dots

  79  

79
(78)

Male pedipalp with broad, band-shaped embolus; median epigynal part distinctly divided into anterior and posterior plate; receptaculum seminis at each side of posterior plate

Styloctetor

- Different

  80  

80
(79)
Male head region elevated; anterior epigynal margin with small pocket

Thyreosthenius

- Different

  81  

81
(80)
Median epigynal part wider than long; male pedipalp with long apophysis

  82  

- Eyes large; distance between posterior median eyes ≤ 2 diameters; male pedipalp with short tibial apophysis; length of median epigynal part ≥ its width

  83  

82
(81)
Male pedipalp and epigyne as fig.

Tiso

- Male pedipalp as fig.; posterior epigynal margin with 2 sclerotised arcs

Evansia

83
(81)
Embolus very long and thin; anterior epigynal margin indented

Tapinocyboides

- Embolus short and thick; epigyne different

Tapinocyba

84
(76)
Legs and prosoma dark orange; body length > 2 mm

Hypomma

- Legs and prosoma different in colour; body length < 2 mm

Silometopus

85
(1)
Tibia I with one or several lateral bristles

  86  

- Tibia I without lateral bristles

  114  

86
(85)
Legs long and thin; femur I and IV mostly > prosoma; length of tibia I = 10 diameters

  87  

- Legs shorter and stouter; femur I and IV < prosoma; length of tibia I at most 7 diameters

  106  

87
(86)
Anterior cheliceral furrow margin with 5-6 long, robust denticles

  88  

- Anterior cheliceral furrow margin with 4 small denticles at most

  90  

88
(87)
Anterior side of chelicera with 3-4 robust bristles

Drapetisca

- Anterior side of chelicera without bristles

  89  

89
(88)
Clypeus not higher than diameter of anterior median eyes; anterior cheliceral furrow margin with 3 long and 2 shorter denticles

Tapinopa

- Clypeus higher than diameter of anterior median eyes; anterior cheliceral furrow margin with 5 equally long, robust denticles; opisthosoma bulged

Floronia

90
(87)
Metatarsus without bristles

  91  

- At least metatarsus I with dorsal bristle

  93  

91
(90)
Male pedipalp considerably longer than wide; epigyne with very long scapus

Diplostyla

- Different

  92  

92
(91)
Femur I-II with dorsal spines; femur III and IV without spines

Kaestneria

- Spines on femora different or femur without dorsal spines

Bathyphantes

93
(90)
Distance between posterior median eyes and posterior lateral eyes < 0.5 diameter of posterior median eyes

Taranucnus

- Distance between posterior median eyes and posterior lateral eyes > 0.5 diameter of posterior median eyes

  94  

94
(93)
Legs with small, sharply margined spots; femur ventrally spotted with black (not annulated); prosoma with broad, black Y-shaped pattern

Pityohyphantes

- Legs with different pattern; femur ventrally without black spots; Y-like pattern on prosoma indistinct or missing

  95  

95
(94)
Opisthosoma ventrally with sharply margined white spots anterior to spinnerets

Labulla

- Different

  96  

96
(95)
Distance between anterior median eyes ≥ diameter; opisthosoma with grey markings

Stemonyphantes

- Distance between anterior median eyes < diameter; opisthosoma different

  97  

97
(96)
Paracymbium complex; epigyne complex, reaching beyond epigastric furrow and / or folded scapus

  101  

- Paracymbium simple; epigyne simple; scapus not folded or missing

  98  

98
(97)
Male pedipalp with long embolus; terminal part hair-like; epigyne very small or covered or distinctly divided into two parts by median septum

  99  

- Embolus short, terminal part not hair-like; epigyne with a large, undivided depression

Neriene

99
(98)
Terminal part of embolus covered by a membrane; epigyne with a large, bipartite groove

Linyphia

- Embolus almost entirely visible, epigynal groove very small, triangular or covered

  100  

100
(99)
The posterior median eyes with broad, black rings; femur with spines; male opisthosoma dorsally on 1/5 of its length with bright white spots; tip of embolus a long, free loop; paracymbium small; epigynal groove very small, triangular with very small scapus or with 2 small epigynal grooves, separated by a short, broad scapus

Microlinyphia

- The posterior median eyes with narrow, black rings; femur without spines; embolus not a long, free loop; paracymbium as long as wide; epigynal area swollen, with slit-like openings

Frontinellina

101
(97)
Head region in males and females forwardly elongated, bristled

Bolyphantes

- Head region different

  102  

102
(101)
Femur I with dorsal bristles

  103  

- Femur I without dorsal bristles

  104  

103
(102)
Gnathocoxae longer than width of its base

Troglohyphantes

- Gnathocoxae as long as wide

Centromerita

104
(102)
Embolus very short; scapus folded

(Additional remark: compare also Troglohyphantes lucifugus)

Lepthyphantes

- Embolus long scapus not folded; epigyne reaching beyond epigastric furrow

  105  

105
(104)
Tibia IV distally with bristle; opisthosoma without spots

Allomengea

- Tibia IV distally without bristles; opisthosoma with dark spots (maybe indistinct)

Helophora

106
(86)
Metatarsus IV with trichobothria

  107  

- Metatarsus IV without trichobothria

  109  

107
(106)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.55

Leptorhoptrum

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at > 0.55

  108  

108
(107)
Distance between posterior eyes < diameter; length of basal bristle on tibia IV = 1.5 diameter of tibia I

Microneta

- Distance between posterior eyes > diameter; length of basal bristle on tibia IV greater or equal 2 diameters of tibia I

Hilaira

109
(106)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.25

  110  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at ≥ 0.3

  111  

110
(109)
Coxae IV separated by more than their diameter; cymbium of male pedipalp with square-edged protrusions; epigyne at most 1.5x as wide as long; epigynal median plate with parallel sides

Theonina

-

Coxae IV separated by less than their diameter; male pedipalp different; epigyne approx. twice as wide as long

Meioneta
=Agyneta

111
(109)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.3-0.4

  112  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at ≥ 0.5

Drepanotylus

112
(111)
Tibia I laterally anteriorly and posteriorly with bristle

Porrhomma

- Tibia I only laterally anteriorly with bristle

  113  

113
(112)
Male pedipalp with ± square paracymbium and distinct, small embolus; epigyne simple and without scapus

Aphileta

- Male pedipalp different; epigyne with scapus

Oreonetides

- Male pedipalp different; epigyne with scapus

Saaristoa

114
(85)
Length of femur I ± length of prosoma; length of metatarsus I = length of tibia I; opisthosoma with striking black and white pattern

Poeciloneta

- Different

  115  

115
(114)
Metatarsus IV with trichobothria

  116  

- Metatarsus IV without trichobothria

  122  

116
(115)
Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at < 0.7

  117  

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at > 0.7

  120  

117
(116)
Dorsal line of prosoma posterior to eyes deeply depressed; length of basal bristle on tibia I = diameter of tibia I

Agyneta

- Dorsal line straight; basal bristle on tibia I longer

  118  

118
(117)
Basal bristle on tibia I approx. 1.5 diameter of tibia I; male pedipalp with long tibial apophysis; epigyne as fig.

Sciastes

- Basal bristle on tibia I longer or equal 2 diameter of tibia I; tibial apophysis of male pedipalp different or missing; epigyne different

  119  

119
(118)
Diameter of posterior median eyes > diameter of posterior lateral eyes; male pedipalp without tibial apophysis; epigyne as fig.

Syedra

- Diameter of posterior median eyes = diameter of posterior lateral eyes; male pedipalp with small tibial apophysis; epigyne different

Halorates

120
(116)
Body length smaller or equal 2.5 mm; trichobothria of metatarsi mostly bent or angled

Agyneta

- Body length > 3.5 mm; trichobothria of metatarsi always straight

  121  

121
(120)
Colouration light; opisthosoma with dark pattern (maybe indistinct); diameter of anterior lateral eyes = diameter of anterior median eyes

Donacochara

- Colouration dark; opisthosoma unicoloured; diameter of anterior lateral eyes = 2 diameter of anterior median eyes

Leptothrix

122
(115)
Striking yellowish red colouration; around spinnerets black; male pedipalp and epigyne as fig.

Ostearius

- Different

  123  

123
(122)
Metatarsus I-III with dorsal bristle

  124  

- Metatarsus I-III without dorsal bristle

  125  

124
(123)

Posterior eyes very large, touching each other; tarsus with dorsal bristle

Meioneta
=Agyneta

- Posterior eyes small, distinctly separated; tarsus without bristle

Centromerus

125
(123)

Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.25

Meioneta
=Agyneta

- Trichobothrium on metatarsus I at 0.35-0.5

  126  

126
(125)
Body length > 2.5 mm; length of tarsus I < length of metatarsus I

Macrargus

- Body length < 1.6 mm; length of tarsus I = length of metatarsus I

Maro

Further genera