Gnaphosidae: Zelotes Gistel, 1848
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| 1 |
Males | ||||||||||
| - | Females | ||||||||||
| 2 (1) |
Embolus long, whip-like, forming a loop |
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 3 (2) |
Body length < 2.5 mm | ||||||||||
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Body length 4-7 mm; bulbus as fig.; opisthosoma with dark brown scuticula Civizelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)
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| 4 (3)
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Embolic base with 2 thorn-like apophyses; opisthosoma with scuticula Civizelotes pygmaeus (Miller, 1943)
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Different, as fig.; opisthosoma with weakly developed scuticula Civizelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)
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| 5 (2) |
Embolic division not or hardly segmented or structures covered, thus at most tip of embolus or a apophysis is visible |
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| - | Embolic division of bulbus more strongly segmented, more details visible | ||||||||||
| 6 (5)
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Embolic division hardly segmented, more details visible Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)
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| - | At least tip of embolus visible | ||||||||||
| 7 (6)
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Tibial apophysis smaller/equal tibia; opisthosoma with dark brown scuticula Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922
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| - | Tibial apophysis larger or equal tibia | ||||||||||
| 8 (7)
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Bulbus with wedge-like apophysis; body length 3-5 mm Civizelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 9 (8)
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Embolus triangularly pointed; tibial apophysis short and triangular; prosoma anteriorly broader than in other Zelotes-species Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Embolus different; tibial apophysis long and slender | ||||||||||
| 10 (9)
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Embolus short and broad Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)
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Embolus short and rod-like Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)
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| 11 (5) |
Embolic division with transverse keel | ||||||||||
| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 12 (11)
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Prosoma yellow-brown to light orange; embolus short and stout; legs distally black-brown; keel weakly developed Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
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| - | Uniform colour | ||||||||||
| 13 (12) |
Embolus long, coiled or with lobe shaped apophysis |
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| - | Embolus different, mostly shorter | ||||||||||
| 14 (13)
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Embolus distally with lobe-shaped apophysis; tibial apophysis straight Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 15 (14)
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Embolus spirally coiled; keel with long, fine tip; tibial apophysis slightly S-shaped Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)
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Embolus broad, bent; tibial apophysis slightly bent Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866)
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| 16 (13)
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Tip of keel very long and thin, reaching margin of cymbium Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)
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Further species Zelotes zellensis Grimm, 1982
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 17 (16)
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Bulbus anterior to keel with conspicuous apophysis Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Bulbus without such apophysis | ||||||||||
| 18 (17)
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Embolus short and robust; keel partially covered by distal part of bulbus Zelotes gallicus Simon, 1914
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 19 (18)
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Embolus long and pointed; keel at inner side of bulbus more covered by distal part of bulbus Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)
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Similar to clivicola, tibial apophysis straight, longer, reaching to embolic base though Zelotes devotus Grimm, 1982
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 20 (19)
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Keel distally with stepped edge Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 21 (20)
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Tip of keel bent; embolus short and stout Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967
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Tip of keel straight; Embolus long and narrow Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
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| 22 (11)
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Tibial apophysis about twice as long as tibia Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)
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| - | Length of tibial apophysis ± length of tibia | ||||||||||
| 23 (22)
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Bulbus with several hook-shaped apophyses Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 24 (23)
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Bulbus distally with a fringy apophysis on the outer side; Embolus thin and straight Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
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Fringy apophysis missing; embolus long and bent, with sickle-shaped apophysis Zelotes talpinus (L. Koch, 1872)
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| 25 (1) |
Anterior epigynal margin with 2 ear-shaped protrusions, which are distinctly marked off from remaining epigyne | ||||||||||
| - | Anterior epigynal margin without such distinctly marked off structures | ||||||||||
| 26 (25) |
Posterior epigynal margin with transverse cuticular fold or grooves | ||||||||||
| - | Cuticular fold on posterior epigynal margin not interrupted | ||||||||||
| 27 (26)
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Several transverse, curved cuticular folds below the ear-shaped protrusion Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 28 (27)
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Anterior epigynal region with a transverse, bar-like protrusion Civizelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 29 (28)
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Lateral cuticular folds parallel in the anterior epigynal region Zelotes talpinus (L. Koch, 1872)
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| - | Lateral cuticular folds distinctly converging anteriorly | ||||||||||
| 30 (29)
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Lateral cuticular folds bent or rounded Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)
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Lateral cuticular folds running straight, similar to longipes Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)
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| 31 (26)
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Epigyne with 3 pairs of protrusions and S-shaped cuticular fold Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 32 (31)
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Epigyne hardly structured, only with semicircular groove Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)
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| - | Ear-shaped protrusions distinctly separated | ||||||||||
| 33 (32) |
2 separated cuticular ridges running from ear-shaped protrusions to posterior epigynal margin | ||||||||||
| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 34 (33)
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Length of these cuticular ridges = distance of the ear-shaped structures to each other Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)
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Length of cuticular ridges much less than distance of the ear-shaped structures Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)
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| 35 (33)
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Epigyne apart of a semicircular cuticular fold without strongly sclerotised regions Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
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| - | Epigyne more strongly sclerotised; area between ear-shaped protrusions and posterior epigynal part less sclerotised | ||||||||||
| 36 (35) |
Epigyne with leaf-shaped protrusions of cuticular ridges |
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| - | Without such leaf-shaped protrusions | ||||||||||
| 37 (36)
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Cuticular fold pointed S-shaped, running back posteriorly Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967
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Cuticular fold only slightly rounded Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)
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| 38 (36) |
Opening of the anterior cuticular fold narrow, about 1/3 - 1/5 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions |
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| - | Opening wide, greater or equal 1/2 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions | ||||||||||
| 39 (38)
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Anterior cuticular fold parallel to posterior cuticular fold Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)
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Anterior cuticular fold transverse to posterior cuticular fold Zelotes devotus Grimm, 1982
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| 40 (38)
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Lateral cuticular ridges approaching each other up to 1/5 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions Zelotes zellensis Grimm, 1982
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| - | Lateral cuticular ridges approaching about 1/2 - 3/4 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions | ||||||||||
| 41 (40)
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Lateral cuticular ridges ± straight-lined Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887)
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| - | Lateral cuticular ridges distinctly curved | ||||||||||
| 42 (41) |
Lateral and median protrusions of posterior cuticular ridge forming an uniform, doubly S-shaped line |
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 43 (42)
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Epigyne and vulva as figs. Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
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Epigyne distinctly less sclerotised, primarily in posterior region; anterior margin reduced to two semicircles Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)
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| 44 (42)
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Lateral protrusion of posterior cuticular ridge overlapping median protrusion posteriorly Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
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Median protrusion of posterior cuticular ridge overlapping lateral protrusion posteriorly Zelotes gallicus Simon, 1914
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| 45 (25) |
Epigyne rounded, ± uniformly sclerotised | ||||||||||
| - | Different |
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| 46 (45)
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Posterior epigynal margin with 3/4 circular, closed cuticular fold Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922
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| - | Different | ||||||||||
| 47 (46)
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Epigyne without longitudinal cuticular ridge, hardly sclerotised Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)
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Epigyne only in anterior area sclerotised Civizelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)
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Further species Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866)
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| 48 (45)
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Cuticular ridge of epigyne roundish-rectangular Civizelotes pygmaeus (Miller, 1943)
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Cuticular ridge of epigyne straightly converging backwards Civizelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)
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Pedipalp, ventral view
Further taxa
| 1. Zelotes acarnanicus Lissner & Chatzaki, 2018 |
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| 2. Zelotes aerosus Charitonov, 1946 |
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| 3. Zelotes alpujarraensis Senglet, 2011 |
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| 4. Zelotes argoliensis (C. L. Koch, 1839) |
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| 5. Zelotes atlanticus (Simon, 1909) |
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| 6. Zelotes azsheganovae Esyunin & Efimik, 1992 |
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| 7. Zelotes babunaensis (Drensky, 1929) |
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| 8. Zelotes baeticus Senglet, 2011 |
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| 9. Zelotes balcanicus Deltshev, 2006 |
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| 10. Zelotes barbarella Wunderlich, 2022 |
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| 11. Zelotes barbarus (Simon, 1885) |
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| 12. Zelotes boluensis Wunderlich, 2011 |
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| 13. Zelotes calactinus Di Franco, 1989 |
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| 14. Zelotes callidus (Simon, 1878) |
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| 15. Zelotes caprearum (Pavesi, 1875) |
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| 16. Zelotes chaniaensis Senglet, 2011 |
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| 17. Zelotes cingarus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) |
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| 18. Zelotes cordubensis Senglet, 2011 |
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| 19. Zelotes cornipalpus Melic, Silva & Barrientos, 2016 |
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| 20. Zelotes creticus (Kulczyński, 1903) |
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| 21. Zelotes criniger Denis, 1937 |
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| 22. Zelotes cyanescens Simon, 1914 |
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| 23. Zelotes davidi (Simon, 1884) |
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| 24. Zelotes distinctissimus Caporiacco, 1929 |
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| 25. Zelotes egregioides Senglet, 2011 |
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| 26. Zelotes egregius Simon, 1914 |
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| 27. Zelotes erythrocephalus (Lucas, 1846) |
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| 28. Zelotes eugenei Kovblyuk, 2009 |
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| 29. Zelotes fagei Denis, 1955 |
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| 30. Zelotes femellus (L. Koch, 1866) |
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| 31. Zelotes flagellans (L. Koch, 1882) |
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| 32. Zelotes flavimanus (C. L. Koch, 1839) |
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| 33. Zelotes fulvaster (Simon, 1878) |
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| 34. Zelotes fulvopilosus (Simon, 1878) |
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| 35. Zelotes fuscorufus (Simon, 1878) |
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| 36. Zelotes fuscus (Thorell, 1875) |
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| 37. Zelotes fuzeta Wunderlich, 2011 |
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| 38. Zelotes gattefossei Denis, 1952 |
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| 39. Zelotes graecus (L. Koch, 1867) |
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| 40. Zelotes harmeron Levy, 2009 |
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| 41. Zelotes helicoides Chatzaki, 2010 |
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| 42. Zelotes hirtus (Thorell, 1875) |
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| 43. Zelotes hispaliensis Senglet, 2011 |
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| 44. Zelotes histio Chatzaki, 2021 |
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| 45. Zelotes incertissimus Caporiacco, 1934 |
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| 46. Zelotes insulanus (L. Koch, 1867) |
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| 47. Zelotes insulanus (2) Dalmas, 1922 |
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| 48. Zelotes khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008 |
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| 49. Zelotes laconicus Senglet, 2011 |
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| 50. Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) |
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| 51. Zelotes lagrecai Di Franco, 1994 |
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| 52. Zelotes limnatis Chatzaki & Russell-Smith, 2017 |
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| 53. Zelotes listeri (Audouin, 1826) |
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| 54. Zelotes longinquus (L. Koch, 1866) |
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| 55. Zelotes maccaricus Di Franco, 1998 |
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| 56. Zelotes manius (Simon, 1878) |
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| 57. Zelotes meinsohni Denis, 1954 |
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| 58. Zelotes messinai Di Franco, 1995 |
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| 59. Zelotes metellus (Roewer, 1928) |
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| 60. Zelotes mikhailovi Marusik, 1995 |
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| 61. Zelotes minous Chatzaki, 2003 |
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| 62. Zelotes mundus (Kulczyński, 1897) |
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| 63. Zelotes murcidus Simon, 1914 |
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| 64. Zelotes occidentalis Melic, 2014 |
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| 65. Zelotes occultus Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 |
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| 66. Zelotes olympi (Kulczyński, 1903) |
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| 67. Zelotes orenburgensis Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 |
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| 68. Zelotes oryx (Simon, 1880) |
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| 69. Zelotes parascrutatus Levy, 1998 |
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| 70. Zelotes paroculus Simon, 1914 |
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| 71. Zelotes pediculatoides Senglet, 2011 |
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| 72. Zelotes pediculatus Marinaro, 1967 |
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| 73. Zelotes plumiger (L. Koch, 1882) |
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| 74. Zelotes pluridentatus Marinaro, 1967 |
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| 75. Zelotes poecilochroaeformis Denis, 1937 |
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| 76. Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963 |
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| 77. Zelotes prishutovae Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 |
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| 78. Zelotes pseudogallicus Ponomarev, 2007 |
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| 79. Zelotes pyrenaeus Di Franco & Blick, 2003 |
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| 80. Zelotes reimoseri Roewer, 1951 |
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| 81. Zelotes remyi Denis, 1954 |
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| 82. Zelotes rinske van Helsdingen, 2012 |
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| 83. Zelotes rufi Esyunin & Efimik, 1997 |
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| 84. Zelotes sardus (Canestrini, 1873) |
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| 85. Zelotes scrutatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) |
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| 86. Zelotes serratus Wunderlich, 2011 |
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| 87. Zelotes shaked Levy, 1998 |
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| 88. Zelotes siculus (Simon, 1878) |
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| 89. Zelotes spadix (L. Koch, 1866) |
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| 90. Zelotes stolidus (Simon, 1880) |
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| 91. Zelotes strandi (Nosek, 1905) |
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| 92. Zelotes tarsalis Fage, 1929 |
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| 93. Zelotes thorelli Simon, 1914 |
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| 94. Zelotes tragicus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) |
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| 95. Zelotes tristis (Thorell, 1871) |
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| 96. Zelotes turcicus Seyyar, Demir & Aktaş, 2010 |
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| 97. Zelotes uronesae Melic, 2014 |
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| 98. Zelotes vespertinus (Thorell, 1875) |
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| 99. Zelotes wallacei Melic, Silva & Barrientos, 2016 |
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| 100. Zelotes wunderlichi Blick, 2017 |
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| 101. Zelotes zekharya Levy, 2009 |
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| 102. Zelotes zin Levy, 1998 |
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 | 103. Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, 2019 |