Gnaphosidae: Zelotes Gistel, 1848

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1
Males

  2  

- Females

  25  

2
(1)
Embolus long, whip-like, forming a loop

  3  

- Different

  5  

3
(2)
Body length < 2.5 mm

  4  

-

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cp

Body length 4-7 mm; bulbus as fig.; opisthosoma with dark brown scuticula

Civizelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)

female

4
(3)

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cp

Embolic base with 2 thorn-like apophyses; opisthosoma with scuticula

Civizelotes pygmaeus (Miller, 1943)

female

-

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cp

Different, as fig.; opisthosoma with weakly developed scuticula

Civizelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)

female

5
(2)
Embolic division not or hardly segmented or structures covered, thus at most tip of embolus or a apophysis is visible

  6  

- Embolic division of bulbus more strongly segmented, more details visible

  11  

6
(5)

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cp

Embolic division hardly segmented, more details visible

Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)

female

- At least tip of embolus visible

  7  

7
(6)

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cp

Tibial apophysis smaller/equal tibia; opisthosoma with dark brown scuticula

Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922

female

- Tibial apophysis larger or equal tibia

  8  

8
(7)

world

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cp

Bulbus with wedge-like apophysis; body length 3-5 mm

Civizelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)

female

- Different

  9  

9
(8)

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cp

Embolus triangularly pointed; tibial apophysis short and triangular; prosoma anteriorly broader than in other Zelotes-species

Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)

female

- Embolus different; tibial apophysis long and slender

  10  

10
(9)

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cp

Embolus short and broad

Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)

female

-

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cp

Embolus short and rod-like

Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)

female

11
(5)
Embolic division with transverse keel

  12  

- Different

  22  

12
(11)

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cp

Prosoma yellow-brown to light orange; embolus short and stout; legs distally black-brown; keel weakly developed

Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

female

- Uniform colour

  13  

13
(12)
Embolus long, coiled or with lobe shaped apophysis

  14  

- Embolus different, mostly shorter

  16  

14
(13)

world

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cp

Embolus distally with lobe-shaped apophysis; tibial apophysis straight

Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)

female

- Different

  15  

15
(14)

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cp

Embolus spirally coiled; keel with long, fine tip; tibial apophysis slightly S-shaped

Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)

female

-

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cp

Embolus broad, bent; tibial apophysis slightly bent

Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866)

female

16
(13)

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cp

Tip of keel very long and thin, reaching margin of cymbium

Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)

female

-

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cp

Further species

Zelotes zellensis Grimm, 1982

female

- Different

  17  

17
(16)

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cp

Bulbus anterior to keel with conspicuous apophysis

Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)

female

- Bulbus without such apophysis

  18  

18
(17)

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cp

Embolus short and robust; keel partially covered by distal part of bulbus

Zelotes gallicus Simon, 1914

female

- Different

  19  

19
(18)

world

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cp

Embolus long and pointed; keel at inner side of bulbus more covered by distal part of bulbus

Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)

female

-

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cp

Similar to clivicola, tibial apophysis straight, longer, reaching to embolic base though

Zelotes devotus Grimm, 1982

female

- Different

  20  

20
(19)

world

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cp

Keel distally with stepped edge

Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887)

female

- Different

  21  

21
(20)

world

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cp

Tip of keel bent; embolus short and stout

Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967

female

-

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cp

Tip of keel straight; Embolus long and narrow

Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

female

22
(11)

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cp

Tibial apophysis about twice as long as tibia

Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)

female

- Length of tibial apophysis ± length of tibia

  23  

23
(22)

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cp

Bulbus with several hook-shaped apophyses

Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

female

- Different

  24  

24
(23)

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cp

Bulbus distally with a fringy apophysis on the outer side; Embolus thin and straight

Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

female

-

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cp

Fringy apophysis missing; embolus long and bent, with sickle-shaped apophysis

Zelotes talpinus (L. Koch, 1872)

female

25
(1)
Anterior epigynal margin with 2 ear-shaped protrusions, which are distinctly marked off from remaining epigyne

  26  

- Anterior epigynal margin without such distinctly marked off structures

  45  

26
(25)
Posterior epigynal margin with transverse cuticular fold or grooves

  27  

- Cuticular fold on posterior epigynal margin not interrupted

  31  

27
(26)

world

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cp

Several transverse, curved cuticular folds below the ear-shaped protrusion

Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)

male

- Different

  28  

28
(27)

world

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cp

Anterior epigynal region with a transverse, bar-like protrusion

Civizelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)

male

- Different

  29  

29
(28)

world

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cp

Lateral cuticular folds parallel in the anterior epigynal region

Zelotes talpinus (L. Koch, 1872)

male

- Lateral cuticular folds distinctly converging anteriorly

  30  

30
(29)

world

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cp

Lateral cuticular folds bent or rounded

Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)

male

-

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cp

Lateral cuticular folds running straight, similar to longipes

Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)

male

31
(26)

world

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cp

Epigyne with 3 pairs of protrusions and S-shaped cuticular fold

Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

male

- Different

  32  

32
(31)

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cp

Epigyne hardly structured, only with semicircular groove

Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)

male

- Ear-shaped protrusions distinctly separated

  33  

33
(32)
2 separated cuticular ridges running from ear-shaped protrusions to posterior epigynal margin

  34  

- Different

  35  

34
(33)

world

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cp

Length of these cuticular ridges = distance of the ear-shaped structures to each other

Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)

male

-

world

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cp

Length of cuticular ridges much less than distance of the ear-shaped structures

Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)

male

35
(33)

world

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cp

Epigyne apart of a semicircular cuticular fold without strongly sclerotised regions

Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

male

- Epigyne more strongly sclerotised; area between ear-shaped protrusions and posterior epigynal part less sclerotised

  36  

36
(35)
Epigyne with leaf-shaped protrusions of cuticular ridges

  37  

- Without such leaf-shaped protrusions

  38  

37
(36)

world

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cp

Cuticular fold pointed S-shaped, running back posteriorly

Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967

male

-

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cp

Cuticular fold only slightly rounded

Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)

male

38
(36)
Opening of the anterior cuticular fold narrow, about 1/3 - 1/5 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions

  39  

- Opening wide, greater or equal 1/2 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions

  40  

39
(38)

world

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cp

Anterior cuticular fold parallel to posterior cuticular fold

Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)

male

-

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cp

Anterior cuticular fold transverse to posterior cuticular fold

Zelotes devotus Grimm, 1982

male

40
(38)

world

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cp

Lateral cuticular ridges approaching each other up to 1/5 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions

Zelotes zellensis Grimm, 1982

male

- Lateral cuticular ridges approaching about 1/2 - 3/4 of distance between ear-shaped protrusions

  41  

41
(40)

world

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cp

Lateral cuticular ridges ± straight-lined

Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887)

male

- Lateral cuticular ridges distinctly curved

  42  

42
(41)
Lateral and median protrusions of posterior cuticular ridge forming an uniform, doubly S-shaped line

  43  

- Different

  44  

43
(42)

world

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cp

Epigyne and vulva as figs.

Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

male

-

world

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cp

Epigyne distinctly less sclerotised, primarily in posterior region; anterior margin reduced to two semicircles

Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)

male

44
(42)

world

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cp

Lateral protrusion of posterior cuticular ridge overlapping median protrusion posteriorly

Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

male

-

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cp

Median protrusion of posterior cuticular ridge overlapping lateral protrusion posteriorly

Zelotes gallicus Simon, 1914

male

45
(25)
Epigyne rounded, ± uniformly sclerotised

  48  

- Different

  46  

46
(45)

world

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cp

Posterior epigynal margin with 3/4 circular, closed cuticular fold

Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922

male

- Different

  47  

47
(46)

world

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cp

Epigyne without longitudinal cuticular ridge, hardly sclerotised

Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)

male

-

world

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cp

Epigyne only in anterior area sclerotised

Civizelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)

male

-

world

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cp

Further species

Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866)

male

48
(45)

world

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cp

Cuticular ridge of epigyne roundish-rectangular

Civizelotes pygmaeus (Miller, 1943)

male

-

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cp

Cuticular ridge of epigyne straightly converging backwards

Civizelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)

male

Further taxa

world

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cp

1. Zelotes acarnanicus Lissner & Chatzaki, 2018

world

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cp

2. Zelotes aerosus Charitonov, 1946

world

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cp

3. Zelotes alpujarraensis Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

4. Zelotes argoliensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

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cp

5. Zelotes atlanticus (Simon, 1909)

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6. Zelotes azsheganovae Esyunin & Efimik, 1992

world

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cp

7. Zelotes babunaensis (Drensky, 1929)

world

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cp

8. Zelotes baeticoides Wunderlich, 2023

world

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cp

9. Zelotes baeticus Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

10. Zelotes balcanicus Deltshev, 2006

world

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cp

11. Zelotes barbarella Wunderlich, 2022

world

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cp

12. Zelotes barbarus (Simon, 1885)

world

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cp

13. Zelotes boluensis Wunderlich, 2011

world

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14. Zelotes calactinus Di Franco, 1989

world

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15. Zelotes callidus (Simon, 1878)

world

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16. Zelotes caprearum (Pavesi, 1875)

world

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17. Zelotes chaniaensis Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

18. Zelotes cingarus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874)

world

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cp

19. Zelotes cordubensis Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

20. Zelotes cornipalpus Melic, Silva & Barrientos, 2016

world

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cp

21. Zelotes creticus (Kulczyński, 1903)

world

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cp

22. Zelotes criniger Denis, 1937

world

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cp

23. Zelotes cyanescens Simon, 1914

world

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cp

24. Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, 2019

world

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cp

25. Zelotes davidi (Simon, 1884)

world

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26. Zelotes distinctissimus Caporiacco, 1929

world

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cp

27. Zelotes egregioides Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

28. Zelotes egregius Simon, 1914

world

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cp

29. Zelotes erythrocephalus (Lucas, 1846)

world

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30. Zelotes eugenei Kovblyuk, 2009

world

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cp

31. Zelotes fagei Denis, 1955

world

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cp

32. Zelotes femellus (L. Koch, 1866)

world

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cp

33. Zelotes flagellans (L. Koch, 1882)

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cp

34. Zelotes flavimanus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

world

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35. Zelotes fulvaster (Simon, 1878)

world

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36. Zelotes fulvopilosus (Simon, 1878)

world

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cp

37. Zelotes fuscorufus (Simon, 1878)

world

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cp

38. Zelotes fuscus (Thorell, 1875)

world

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cp

39. Zelotes fuzeta Wunderlich, 2011

world

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cp

40. Zelotes gattefossei Denis, 1952

world

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cp

41. Zelotes graecus (L. Koch, 1867)

world

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cp

42. Zelotes harmeron Levy, 2009

world

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cp

43. Zelotes helicoides Chatzaki, 2010

world

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cp

44. Zelotes hirtus (Thorell, 1875)

world

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cp

45. Zelotes hispaliensis Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

46. Zelotes histio Chatzaki, 2021

world

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cp

47. Zelotes incertissimus Caporiacco, 1934

world

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cp

48. Zelotes insulanus (L. Koch, 1867)

world

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cp

49. Zelotes insulanus (2) Dalmas, 1922

world

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cp

50. Zelotes khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008

world

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cp

51. Zelotes laconicus Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

52. Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

world

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cp

53. Zelotes lagrecai Di Franco, 1994

world

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cp

54. Zelotes lapicidinae Wunderlich, 2024

world

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cp

55. Zelotes limnatis Chatzaki & Russell-Smith, 2017

world

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cp

56. Zelotes listeri (Audouin, 1826)

world

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cp

57. Zelotes longinquus (L. Koch, 1866)

world

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cp

58. Zelotes maccaricus Di Franco, 1998

world

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cp

59. Zelotes manius (Simon, 1878)

world

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60. Zelotes meinsohni Denis, 1954

world

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cp

61. Zelotes messinai Di Franco, 1995

world

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cp

62. Zelotes metellus (Roewer, 1928)

world

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cp

63. Zelotes mikhailovi Marusik, 1995

world

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cp

64. Zelotes minous Chatzaki, 2003

world

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cp

65. Zelotes mundus (Kulczyński, 1897)

world

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cp

66. Zelotes murcidus Simon, 1914

world

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cp

67. Zelotes occidentalis Melic, 2014

world

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cp

68. Zelotes occultus Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

world

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cp

69. Zelotes olympi (Kulczyński, 1903)

world

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cp

70. Zelotes orenburgensis Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

world

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cp

71. Zelotes oryx (Simon, 1880)

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cp

72. Zelotes parascrutatus Levy, 1998

world

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cp

73. Zelotes paroculus Simon, 1914

world

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cp

74. Zelotes parvioculi (Wunderlich, 2022)

world

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cp

75. Zelotes pediculatoides Senglet, 2011

world

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cp

76. Zelotes pediculatus Marinaro, 1968

world

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cp

77. Zelotes plumiger (L. Koch, 1882)

world

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cp

78. Zelotes pluridentatus Marinaro, 1968

world

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cp

79. Zelotes poecilochroaeformis Denis, 1937

world

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cp

80. Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963

world

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cp

81. Zelotes prishutovae Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006

world

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cp

82. Zelotes pseudogallicus Ponomarev, 2007

world

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cp

83. Zelotes pyrenaeus Di Franco & Blick, 2003

world

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cp

84. Zelotes reimoseri Roewer, 1951

world

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cp

85. Zelotes remyi Denis, 1954

world

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cp

86. Zelotes rinske van Helsdingen, 2012

world

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cp

87. Zelotes rufi Esyunin & Efimik, 1997

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cp

88. Zelotes sardus (Canestrini, 1873)

world

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cp

89. Zelotes scrutatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

world

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cp

90. Zelotes serratus Wunderlich, 2011

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cp

91. Zelotes shaked Levy, 1998

world

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cp

92. Zelotes siculus (Simon, 1878)

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cp

93. Zelotes spadix (L. Koch, 1866)

world

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cp

94. Zelotes stolidus (Simon, 1880)

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cp

95. Zelotes strandi (Nosek, 1905)

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cp

96. Zelotes tarsalis Fage, 1929

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97. Zelotes thorelli Simon, 1914

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cp

98. Zelotes tragicus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

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cp

99. Zelotes tristis (Thorell, 1871)

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cp

100. Zelotes turcicus Seyyar, Demir & Aktaş, 2010

world

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cp

101. Zelotes uronesae Melic, 2014

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cp

102. Zelotes vespertinus (Thorell, 1875)

world

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cp

103. Zelotes wallacei Melic, Silva & Barrientos, 2016

world

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cp

104. Zelotes wunderlichi Blick, 2017

world

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cp

105. Zelotes zekharya Levy, 2009

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cp

106. Zelotes zin Levy, 1998