araneae - Tegenaria

Agelenidae: Tegenaria Latreille, 1804

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Males

Females

Tibia of male pedipalp with conspicuous black apophysis on a separated base

Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)

Different

3
(2)

Process of tibial apophysis pointed distally; tip of conductor slightly bent toward bulbus

Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch, 1843)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Palpal tibia (Locket et al. 1974)	Tibial apophysis (Locket & Millidge 1953)
Tibial apophysis (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Tibia (Loksa 1969)

Process of tibial apophysis broadly truncated distally

4
(3)

Tip of conductor bent toward tibia

= Eratigena atrica per Bolzern et al. (2013b)

Eratigena saeva (Blackwall, 1844)

Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Tegulum (Merrett 1980)	Tegulum (Merrett 1980)
Palpal tibia (Locket et al. 1974)

Tips of conductor ± straight

= Eratigena atrica per Bolzern et al. (2013b)

Eratigena duellica (Simon, 1875)

Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Tegulum (Merrett 1980)	Tegulum (Merrett 1980)

5
(2)

Tibia I with 1 pair of spines

Tibia I with at least 2 pairs of spines

6
(5)

Sternum with brighter median part and bright spots laterally; tibial apophysis of male pedipalp pointed distally

Sternum unicoloured, medially somewhat brighter at most; tibial apophysis of male pedipalp rounded distally

Eratigena picta (Simon, 1870)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosselaers 2001)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Jones 1984)	Pedipalp (Bosselaers 2001)
Pedipalp (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Jones 1984)	Pedipalp (Pesarini unpubl.)
Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Tibial apophysis (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Tibial apophysis (Loksa 1969)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

7
(6)

Tibial apophysis with several tips

Tegenaria campestris (C. L. Koch, 1834)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Loksa 1969)
Tibial apophysis (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Tibial apophysis with one tip

Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1872

Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dahl 1931)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp (Loksa 1969)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)

8
(5)

Legs distinctly spotted or annulated

Legs unicoloured, maybe femur slightly darkened

9
(8)

Opisthosoma dorsally with broad reddish median stripe; male pedipalp as fig.; body length 9-11 mm

Tegenaria ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Oxford & Merrett 2000)	Pedipalp (Oxford & Merrett 2000)
Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Opisthosoma without reddish median stripe

10
(9)

Dorsal tibial apophysis of pedipalp larger than lateral tibial apophysis; body length 6-9 mm

Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)

Pedipalp (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Azheganova 1968)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp (Loksa 1969)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Different

11
(10)

Dorsal tibial apophysis of pedipalp smaller than lateral tibial apophysis

Tegenaria pagana C. L. Koch, 1840

Pedipalp, ventral view (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)

Pedipalp as fig.; body length 6.3-6.4 mm

Tegenaria mirifica Thaler, 1987

Pedipalp (Thaler 1987b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Thaler 1987b)	Tibia, dorsal view (Thaler 1987b)

12
(8)

Cymbium and bulbus massive; tibial apophysis broad

Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)

Pedipalp (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp (Loksa 1969)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)

Different

13
(12)

Very similar to agrestis, but conductor less massive in lateral view

Eratigena fuesslini (Pavesi, 1873)

Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)
Pedipalp (Pesarini unpubl.)

Cymbium and bulbus very slender; tibial apophysis narrow

Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Oxford & Merrett 2000)	Pedipalp (Dahl 1931)	Pedipalp (Oxford & Merrett 2000)
Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Tibial apophysis (Loksa 1969)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

14
(1)

Epigyne with a process on each side, which is bearing a black thorn

Different

15
(14)

Vulva anteriorly with 2 globular structures close to each other

Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch, 1843)

Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Epigyne (Locket et al. 1974)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)
Vulva, dorsal view (Jäger 1995a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Jäger 1995a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Jäger 1995a)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Vulva different

16
(15)

Vulva anteriorly with 2 distinct structures; epigyne as fig.

= Eratigena atrica per Bolzern et al. (2013b)

Eratigena saeva (Blackwall, 1844)

Epigyne (Merrett 1980)	Epigyne (Merrett 1980)	Epigyne (Merrett 1980)
Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Locket et al. 1974)	Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Epigyne as fig.

= Eratigena atrica per Bolzern et al. (2013b)

Eratigena duellica (Simon, 1875)

Epigyne (Merrett 1980)	Epigyne (Merrett 1980)	Epigyne (Merrett 1980)
Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

17
(14)

Tibia I with 1 pair of spines

Tibia I at least with 2 pairs of spines

18
(17)

Epigyne with round receptaculum seminis, visible through epigyne

Receptaculum seminis longish; entrance ducts convoluted

Eratigena picta (Simon, 1870)

Epigyne (Jones 1984)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)
Vulva, dorsal view (Jones 1984)	Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

19
(18)

Epigyne wider than long

Tegenaria campestris (C. L. Koch, 1834)

Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)
Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Epigyne ± as wide as long

Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1872

Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)
Vulva (Loksa 1969)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

20
(17)

Legs distinctly spotted or annulated

Legs unicoloured, sometimes femur somewhat darkened

21
(20)

Opisthosoma dorsally with broad reddish median stripe; epigyne and vulva as fig.

Tegenaria ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)

Epigyne (Oxford & Merrett 2000)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)
Vulva (Dahl 1931)	Vulva (Loksa 1969)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Opisthosoma without reddish median stripe

22
(21)

Lateral epigynal parts pointed, reaching beyond median part

Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)

Epigyne (Loksa 1969)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)
Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)	Vulva (Loksa 1969)
Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1976b)	Sternum (Dahl 1931)	Sternum (Locket & Millidge 1953)

Different

23
(22)

Lateral parts not reaching beyond median part

Tegenaria pagana C. L. Koch, 1840

Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)
Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Epigyne/vulva as figs.; body length 6.3-6.4 mm

Tegenaria mirifica Thaler, 1987

Epigyne/vulva
(Thaler 1987b)

24
(20)

Epigyne with broad, uniformly bent plate

Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)

Epigyne (Oxford & Merrett 2000)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Loksa 1969)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Epigyne with bulge on posterior margin

25
(24)

Epigyne with posteriorly protruding bulge

Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)

Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)
Epigyne (Loksa 1969)	Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)
Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dahl 1931)	Habitus (Loksa 1969)
Sternum (Dahl 1931)

Epigynal bulge pointed posteriorly

Eratigena fuesslini (Pavesi, 1873)

Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Pesarini unpubl.)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)

Further taxa

1. Tegenaria abchasica Charitonov, 1941

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Palpal tibia (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)
Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Epigyne (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Vulva, ventral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)
Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Vulva, dorsal view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)
Prosoma, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Sternum (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Opisthosoma, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)

2. Tegenaria achaea Brignoli, 1977

Epigyne/vulva
(Brignoli 1977a)

3. Tegenaria adomestica Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005

Epigyne, ventral view
(Guseinov et al. 2005)

4. Tegenaria africana Lucas, 1846

Habitus, dorsal view
(Lucas 1846)

5. Tegenaria agnolettii Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978d)

6. Tegenaria angustipalpis Levy, 1996

Pedipalp, ventral view (Levy 1996)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Levy 1996)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Levy 1996)
Epigyne, ventral view (Levy 1996)	Epigyne, variation, ventral view (Levy 1996)	Vulva, dorsal view (Levy 1996)

7. Tegenaria anhela Brignoli, 1972

Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1972b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1972b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1972b)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1972b)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1972b)	Vulva (Brignoli 1972b)

8. Tegenaria annae Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)
Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)

9. Tegenaria annulata Kulczyński, 1913

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971c)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1971c)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971c)
Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971c)	Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)
Vulva (Brignoli 1971c)

10. Tegenaria argaeica Nosek, 1905

Pedipalp (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1978a)	Epigyne (Nosek 1905)

11. Tegenaria ariadnae Brignoli, 1984

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1984b)
Epigyne (Brignoli 1984b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Vulva (Bosmans et al. 2013)
Vulva, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)

12. Tegenaria armigera Simon, 1873

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Heimer & Müller 1988)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Heimer & Müller 1988)	Epigyne (Heimer & Müller 1988)
Epigyne, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva, dorsal/ventral view (Heimer & Müller 1988)	Vulva, dorsal view (Brignoli 1971g)
Habitus (Heimer & Müller 1988)

13. Tegenaria averni Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978d)

14. Tegenaria bayeri Kratochvíl, 1934

Pedipalp (Kratochvíl 1935a)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Kratochvíl 1935a)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)
Epigyne, ventral view (Kratochvíl 1934)

15. Tegenaria bayrami Kaya, Kunt, Marusik & Uğurtaş, 2010

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, dorsal view (Kaya et al. 2010b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kaya et al. 2010b)	Pedipalp with tibia, patella and femur, retrolateral view (Kaya et al. 2010b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Kaya et al. 2010b)	Epigyne, caudal view (Kaya et al. 2010b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kaya et al. 2010b)
Vulva, dorsal view (Kaya et al. 2010b)	Vulva, ventral view (Kaya et al. 2010b)

16. Tegenaria boitanii Brignoli, 1978

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Bulbus, prolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Bulbus, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne, ventral view (Gasparo 2007)	Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Vulva (Brignoli 1978a)
Vulva, dorsal view (Gasparo 2007)	Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Prosoma, dorsal view (Gasparo 2007)

17. Tegenaria bosnica Kratochvíl & Miller, 1940

Pedipalp, ventral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Geci unpubl.)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Geci unpubl.)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Geci unpubl.)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Geci unpubl.)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)	Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Geci unpubl.)	Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)
Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)

18. Tegenaria bozhkovi (Deltshev, 2008)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Epigyne, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)
Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Deltshev 2008a)	Sternum (Deltshev 2008a)

19. Tegenaria capolongoi Brignoli, 1977

Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1977b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)

20. Tegenaria carensis Barrientos, 1981

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Epigyne (Barrientos 1981)
Vulva (Barrientos 1981)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Habitus (Barrientos 1981)

21. Tegenaria chumachenkoi Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp with tibia, patella and femur, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)
Epigyne (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)

22. Tegenaria circeoensis Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)
Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)

23. Tegenaria comnena Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978a)

24. Tegenaria cottarellii Brignoli, 1978

Vulva (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978a)

25. Tegenaria croatica Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Vulva, ventral view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

Vulva, dorsal view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

26. Tegenaria dalmatica Kulczyński, 1906

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dresco 1959b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dresco 1959b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dresco 1959b)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Tibial apophysis (Dresco 1959b)	Epigyne (Ledoux 2004b)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)
Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Vulva (Dimitrov 1999)	Vulva (Ledoux 2004b)
Vulva (Dresco 1959b)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)
Vulva (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Sternum (Brignoli 1971g)

27. Tegenaria decolorata Kratochvíl & Miller, 1940

Pedipalp, ventral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Kratochvíl & Miller 1940a)

28. Tegenaria dentifera Kulczyński, 1908

Epigyne
(Kulczyński 1908a)

29. Tegenaria eleonorae Brignoli, 1974

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)
Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)

30. Tegenaria elysii Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978d)

31. Tegenaria euxinica Dimitrov, 2022

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Demircan Aksan & Topçu 2022a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Demircan Aksan & Topçu 2022a)	Bulbus, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne/vulva (Deltshev 1993)	Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne (Demircan Aksan & Topçu 2022a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Vulva, dorsal view (Demircan Aksan & Topçu 2022a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Demircan Aksan & Topçu 2022a)

32. Tegenaria faniapollinis Brignoli, 1978

Pedipalp, prolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Deltshev 2008a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2021a)	Bulbus, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2021a)	Bulbus, ventral view (Lecigne 2021a)
Tibial apophysis, dorsal view (Lecigne 2021a)	Epigyne, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)
Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978d)

33. Tegenaria femoralis Simon, 1873

Pedipalp, ventral view (Kraus 1955)	Conductor (Wunderlich 1995a)	Tibial apophysis (Wunderlich 1995a)
Tibial apophysis (Kraus 1955)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971c)	Epigyne/vulva (Kraus 1955)
Epigyne (Kraus 1955)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971c)

34. Tegenaria forestieroi Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978d)

35. Tegenaria gordani Komnenov, 2020

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Komnenov 2020a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Komnenov 2020a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Komnenov 2020a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Komnenov 2020a)	Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view (Komnenov 2020a)

36. Tegenaria halidi Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Zamani & Marusik 2019)	Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

37. Tegenaria hamid Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978a)

38. Tegenaria hasperi Chyzer, 1897

Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 1993)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Szinetár & Vajda 1992)
Pedipalp, prolateral view (Ponomarev et al. 2018b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev et al. 2018b)	Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view (Kovács & Szinetár 2012)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Purgat et al. 2021a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Purgat et al. 2021a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Purgat et al. 2021a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2023a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2023a)	Epigyne (Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897)
Epigyne (Deltshev 1993)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Epigyne (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
Vulva, dorsal view (Deltshev 1993)	Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)	Vulva, dorsal view (Brignoli 1971g)
Vulva (Szinetár & Vajda 1992)	Vulva (Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovács & Szinetár 2012)

39. Tegenaria hauseri Brignoli, 1979

Pedipalp (Brignoli 1979b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1979b)	Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1979b)

40. Tegenaria henroti Dresco, 1956

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dresco 1956a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dresco 1956a)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dresco 1956a)	Eyes, dorsal view (Dresco 1956a)
Eyes, frontal view (Dresco 1956a)	Spinneret, ventral view (Dresco 1956a)	Spinneret, lateral view (Dresco 1956a)
Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2008)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2008)

41. Tegenaria ismaillensis Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005

Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

42. Tegenaria karaman Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978d)

43. Tegenaria komarovi Ponomarev, 2022

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)
Epigyne (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

44. Tegenaria lapicidinarum Spassky, 1934

Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Epigyne (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2004a)

45. Tegenaria latens Ponomarev, 2022

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

46. Tegenaria lazarovi Dimitrov, 2020

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov 2020b)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov 2020b)
Epigyne (Dimitrov 2020b)	Epigyne (Dimitrov 2020b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)
Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)

47. Tegenaria lehtineni (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Tibial apophysis, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

48. Tegenaria lenkoranica (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Zamani & Marusik 2019)
Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne (Zamani et al. 2024)
Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Zamani et al. 2024)

49. Tegenaria lepida Ponomarev, 2022

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

50. Tegenaria levantina Barrientos, 1981

Pedipalp, ventral view (Ribera & Barrientos 1986)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ribera & Barrientos 1986)	Epigyne (Barrientos 1981)
Vulva (Barrientos 1981)	Habitus (Barrientos 1981)

51. Tegenaria longimana Simon, 1898

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk & Ponomarev 2008)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978a)

52. Tegenaria lyncea Brignoli, 1978

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

53. Tegenaria maelfaiti Bosmans, 2011

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bosmans 2011)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans 2011)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Bosmans 2011)
Epigyne, ventral view (Bosmans 2011)	Vulva, ventral view (Bosmans 2011)

54. Tegenaria mamikonian Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978a)

55. Tegenaria maroccana Denis, 1956

Epigyne
(Denis 1956b)

56. Tegenaria maronita Simon, 1873

Pedipalp, prolateral-ventral view (Brignoli 1978c)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978c)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Levy 1996)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Levy 1996)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Levy 1996)	Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1978c)
Epigyne, ventral view (Levy 1996)	Epigyne, lateral view (Levy 1996)	Vulva, dorsal view (Levy 1996)

57. Tegenaria melbae Brignoli, 1972

Vulva
(Brignoli 1972b)

58. Tegenaria mercanturensis Bolzern & Hervé, 2010

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern & Hervé 2010)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern & Hervé 2010)	Epigyne (Bolzern & Hervé 2010)
Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern & Hervé 2010)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern & Hervé 2010)

59. Tegenaria montana Deltshev, 1993

Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 1993)	Epigyne (Deltshev 1993)
Vulva, dorsal view (Deltshev 1993)	Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)

60. Tegenaria montiszasensis Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Epigyne, ventral view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

Vulva, dorsal view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

61. Tegenaria nakhchivanica (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Tibial apophysis, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

62. Tegenaria occulta Ponomarev, 2022

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

63. Tegenaria oribata Simon, 1916

Pedipalp, ventral view (Lehtinen 1967)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Simon 1937)	Epigyne (Lehtinen 1967)
Epigyne (Simon 1937)

64. Tegenaria osetica Ponomarev, 2022

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2022a)

65. Tegenaria parmenidis Brignoli, 1971

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1971g)
Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1977b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)
Sternum (Brignoli 1971g)

66. Tegenaria parvula Thorell, 1875

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)

67. Tegenaria pasquinii Brignoli, 1978

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978a)

68. Tegenaria percuriosa Brignoli, 1972

Pedipalp, ventral view (Levy 1996)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Gasparo 2007)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Gasparo 2007)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Gasparo 2007)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Bulbus, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Gasparo 2007)
Prosoma, dorsal view (Gasparo 2007)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1972b)	Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Epigyne, posterior view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)	Epigyne, ventral view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)
Vulva (Brignoli 1972b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov et al. 2022)

69. Tegenaria pieperi Brignoli, 1979

Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1979b)	Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1984b)	Epigyne (Dimitrov 2020b)

70. Tegenaria pindosiensis Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Epigyne, ventral view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

Vulva, dorsal view
(Bolzern et al. 2013b)

71. Tegenaria podoprygorai (Kovblyuk, 2006)

Pedipalp, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2006b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2006b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2006b)
Epigyne, posterior view (Kovblyuk 2006b)	Epigyne, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2006b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Kovblyuk 2006b)
Vulva, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2006b)

72. Tegenaria pontica Charitonov, 1947

Epigyne/vulva (Charitonov 1947)	Epigyne (Deltshev et al. 2023)	Vulva, dorsal view (Deltshev et al. 2023)
Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev et al. 2023)	Sternum (Deltshev et al. 2023)

73. Tegenaria prisnyi Ponomarev, 2021

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)
Epigyne (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Epigyne (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)
Vulva, dorsal view (Ponomarev et al. 2021b)

74. Tegenaria pseudolyncea (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005)

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Türkeş 2023)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Türkeş 2023)	Conductor (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Tibial apophysis, dorsal view (Türkeş 2023)	Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Türkeş 2023)
Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

75. Tegenaria racovitzai Simon, 1907

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1977d)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1977d)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Déjean 2012b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Déjean 2012b)	Epigyne (Simon 1937)	Epigyne (Ribera & Barrientos 1986)
Epigyne, ventral view (Fage 1931)	Vulva (Ribera & Barrientos 1986)

76. Tegenaria ramblae Barrientos, 1978

Pedipalp, ventral view (Barrientos & Ribera 1992)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Barrientos & Ribera 1992)	Habitus (Barrientos & Ribera 1992)
Epigyne (Barrientos 1978)	Vulva (Barrientos 1978)

77. Tegenaria regispyrrhi Brignoli, 1976

Pedipalp (Brignoli 1976b)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1976b)	Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1976b)

78. Tegenaria rhodiensis Caporiacco, 1948

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Caporiacco 1948)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Caporiacco 1948)
Embolic division (Brignoli 1978a)	Embolic division (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva (Brignoli 1978a)

79. Tegenaria rilaensis Deltshev, 1993

Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 1993)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Deltshev 2008a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Deltshev 2008a)	Epigyne (Deltshev 1993)	Vulva, dorsal view (Deltshev 1993)
Vulva, ventral view (Deltshev 1993)

80. Tegenaria sbordonii Brignoli, 1971

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1971g)
Epigyne/vulva (Brignoli 1977b)

81. Tegenaria schmalfussi Brignoli, 1976

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Palpal tibia, dorsal view (Bosmans et al. 2013)
Epigyne, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1976b)	Vulva (Bosmans et al. 2013)

82. Tegenaria schoenhoferi Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2013)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2013)

83. Tegenaria scopifera Barrientos, Ribera & Pons, 2002

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Barrientos et al. 2002)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Barrientos et al. 2002)	Epigyne, ventral view (Barrientos et al. 2002)
Vulva (Barrientos et al. 2002)	Sternum (Barrientos et al. 2002)	Habitus (Barrientos et al. 2002)

84. Tegenaria talyshica Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005

Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, posterior view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)

85. Tegenaria taurica Charitonov, 1947

Pedipalp, ventral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Kovblyuk 2004a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Esyunin & Farzalieva 2002)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Esyunin & Farzalieva 2002)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Farzalieva 2002)	Vulva (Esyunin & Farzalieva 2002)
Vulva (Esyunin & Farzalieva 2002)

86. Tegenaria tekke Brignoli, 1978

Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1978a)

87. Tegenaria terskovi Ponomarev, 2023

Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2023a)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2023a)

88. Tegenaria tridentina L. Koch, 1872

Pedipalp (Wiehle 1964b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Wiehle 1964b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1964b)
Embolus and conductor (Wiehle 1964b)	Epigyne (Wiehle 1964b)	Vulva (Brignoli 1971g)
Vulva (Wiehle 1964b)

89. Tegenaria tyrrhenica Dalmas, 1922

Pedipalp, ventral view (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp (Brignoli 1971g)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1971g)
Epigyne (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)	Epigyne (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)	Epigyne (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)
Epigyne, lifted (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)	Epigyne (Brignoli 1971g)	Vulva (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)
Vulva (Dresco & Célérier 1976b)

90. Tegenaria vallei Brignoli, 1972

Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1972a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1972a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Brignoli 1972a)
Pedipalp, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Dimitrov 2020b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Dimitrov 2020b)
Epigyne (Brignoli 1972a)	Epigyne (Dimitrov 2020b)	Vulva (Brignoli 1972a)
Vulva, dorsal view (Dimitrov 2020b)

91. Tegenaria vanensis Danişman & Karanfil, 2015

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Danışman & Karanfil 2015)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Danışman & Karanfil 2015)	Habitus, dorsal view (Danışman & Karanfil 2015)

92. Tegenaria vankeerorum Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hänggi, 2013

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Bolzern et al. 2013b)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Özkütük et al. 2017b)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Lecigne 2021a)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2021a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2021a)	Palpal tibia, ventro-retrolateral view (Lecigne 2021a)
Tibial apophysis (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Sternum (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Epigyne (Özkütük et al. 2017b)
Vulva, dorsal view (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Vulva, ventral view (Özkütük et al. 2017b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Lecigne 2021a)
Sternum (Özkütük et al. 2017b)

93. Tegenaria vignai Brignoli, 1978

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Pedipalp, prolateral view (Brignoli 1978a)	Vulva, dorsal view (Brignoli 1978a)
Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1978a)

94. Tegenaria zagatalensis Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005

Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)	Epigyne, ventral view (Guseinov et al. 2005)
Vulva, dorsal view (Guseinov et al. 2005)