araneae - Scotophaeus

Gnaphosidae: Scotophaeus Simon, 1893

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Males

Females

Tibial apophysis < tibia; embolus short and straight

Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Brændegaard 1966)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Platnick & Shadab 1977)
Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Tibial apophysis (Brændegaard 1966)

Tibial apophysis greater or equal tibia; embolus long and whip-like

3
(2)

Tibial apophysis ± uniformly tapering off towards the tip male bulbus as fig.

Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Brændegaard 1966)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Platnick & Shadab 1977)
Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)

Tibial apophysis with distinct tip; male bulbus as fig.

Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Pedipalp (Brændegaard 1966)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Noordam 1992)	Pedipalp (Miller 1971)
Pedipalp (Noordam 1992)	Pedipalp (Roberts 1995)

4
(1)

Epigynal groove with lateral indentation

Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)

Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)	Epigyne (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Vulva (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Vulva, dorsal view (Tullgren 1946)

Different

5
(4)

Epigynal groove roundish, somewhat wider than long

Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)	Epigyne (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)
Vulva (Platnick & Shadab 1977)	Vulva, dorsal view (Tullgren 1946)

Epigynal groove ± quadrangular, distinctly longer than wide

Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne (Noordam 1992)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)
Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva, dorsal view (Tullgren 1946)

Further taxa

1. Scotophaeus aculeatus Simon, 1914

Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1914)

2. Scotophaeus blackwalli isabellinus (Simon, 1873)

Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lessert 1904)

3. Scotophaeus blackwalli politus (Simon, 1878)

Habitus, dorsal view
(Simon 1878)

4. Scotophaeus brolemanni Simon, 1914

Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1914)

5. Scotophaeus dolanskyi Lissner, 2017

Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lissner 2017a)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Lissner 2017a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Barrientos et al. 2022)
Pedipalp, ventral view (Barrientos et al. 2022)	Tip of tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Lissner 2017a)	Tibial apophysis, dorsal view (Lissner 2017a)
Maxillae and labium, ventral view (Lissner 2017a)	Chelicera, posterior view (Lissner 2017a)	Epigyne (Barrientos et al. 2022)
Vulva, dorsal view (Barrientos et al. 2022)

6. Scotophaeus fabrisae Caporiacco, 1950

Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1950a)

7. Scotophaeus gridellii Caporiacco, 1928

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

8. Scotophaeus insularis Berland, 1936

Pedipalp, ventral view (Berland 1936)	Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view (Berland 1936)	Eyes, dorsal view (Berland 1936)
Epigyne (Schmidt et al. 1994)

9. Scotophaeus mauckneri Schmidt, 1956

Epigyne
(Schmidt 1956c)

10. Scotophaeus microdon Caporiacco, 1933

Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1933)

11. Scotophaeus musculus (Simon, 1878)

Tibial apophysis
(Simon 1914)

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

12. Scotophaeus nanoides Wunderlich, 2011

Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 2011a)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 2011a)	Pedipalp, dorsal view (Lecigne 2017)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Lecigne 2017)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Lecigne 2017)	Prosoma, dorsal view (Wunderlich 2011a)
Metatarsus III, ventral view (Wunderlich 2011a)	Epigyne (Wunderlich 2023)

13. Scotophaeus nanus Wunderlich, 1995

Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 1995i)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 1995i)	Epigyne, ventral view (Wunderlich 1995i)
Epigyne, ventral view (Wunderlich 1995i)	Vulva, dorsal view (Wunderlich 1995i)

14. Scotophaeus peninsularis Roewer, 1928

Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Epigyne, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)	Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 2013)

15. Scotophaeus pregoensis Wunderlich, 2023

Epigyne
(Wunderlich 2023)

Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2023)

16. Scotophaeus retusus (Simon, 1878)

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

17. Scotophaeus validus (Lucas, 1846)

Pedipalp, ventral view (Simon 1914)	Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 2017)	Palpal tibia, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 2017)
Tibial apophysis (Simon 1914)	Epigyne (L. Koch 1866)	Epigyne (Simon 1914)
Epigyne (Lissner 2017a)	Epigyne (Lissner 2017a)	Vulva (Lissner 2017a)
Vulva (Lissner 2017a)

18. Scotophaeus westringi Simon, 1914

Palpal tibia
(Simon 1914)

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)