araneae - Drassodes

Gnaphosidae: Drassodes Westring, 1851

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Tibialapophyse des Pedipalpus ungeteilt

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Platnick & Shadab 1976c)

Tibialapophyse des Pedipalpus gegabelt

3
(2)

Distale Bulbusapophyse klein, Embolus nicht verdeckt

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Platnick & Shadab 1976c)

Distale Bulbusapophyse gross, verdeckt Embolus teilweise

Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Azheganova 1968)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Brændegaard 1966)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Miller 1971)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Noordam 1992)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Noordam 1992)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Roberts 1995)	Chelicere, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)

4
(3)

Tibialapophyse mit gezähntem Rand; Embolus klein; distale Apophyse hakenförmig

Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Anders

5
(4)

Cheliceren mit drei Zähnen wie Abb.; Tibialapophyse mit glattem Rand; Embolus grösser; distale Apophyse nicht hakenförmig

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)

Pedipalpus, ventral (Platnick & Shadab 1976c)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Platnick & Shadab 1976c)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Roberts 1995)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Locket & Millidge 1951)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Chelicere, ventral (Roberts 1995)	Chelicere, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)

Cheliceren mit drei Zähnen wie Abb.

Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)

Pedipalpus (Roberts 1995)	Cheliceren, ventral (Roberts 1995)	Cheliceren, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)
Cheliceren, ventral (Locket & Millidge 1951)

6
(2)

Embolus mit auffälliger distaler Apophyse

Drassodex hypocrita (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral
(Roberts 1998)

Embolus ohne distale Apophyse

7
(6)

Letzter Embolusumgang nimmt > 1/2 Bulbusbreite ein

Drassodex heeri (Pavesi, 1873)

Pedipalpus, prolateral
(Wiehle 1967)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Wiehle 1967)

Letzter Embolusumgang nimmt ≤ 1/2 Bulbusbreite ein

Drassodex hispanus (L. Koch, 1866)

8
(1)

Epigyne mit tiefer Grube, sklerotisierter Bereich reicht nicht bis zur Epigastralfurche

Epigyne
(Wiehle 1967)

Epigyne ohne Grube, sklerotisierter Bereich reicht bis zur Epigastralfurche

9
(8)

Einführgang windet sich spiralig um weite Schläuche der Einführöffnung

Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Einführgang anders; Epigyne wie Abb.

Drassodex heeri (Pavesi, 1873)

Epigyne
(Wiehle 1967)

Vulva
(Wiehle 1967)

10
(9)

Einführgang mit 2 Windungen; Epigyne wie Abb.

Drassodex hypocrita (Simon, 1878)

Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

Einführgang mit mehr als 3 Windungen; Epigyne wie Abb.

Drassodex hispanus (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne
(Hervé et al. 2009)

Vulva, dorsal
(Hervé et al. 2009)

11
(8)

Epigyne mit lateralen Leisten

Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)

Anders; Epigyne und Vulva wie Abb.

Parasyrisca vinosa (Simon, 1878)

Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1995)

Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1995)

12
(11)

Epigynenleisten berühren sich fast in der Mitte

Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)

Epigyne (Azheganova 1968)	Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)	Epigyne (Noordam 1992)
Epigyne (Pérez-Pérez 1985)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)	Epigyne (Tang et al. 2002)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva, dorsal (Tullgren 1946)
Vulva (Pérez-Pérez 1985)	Vulva (Tang et al. 2002)

Anders

13
(12)

Zentraler Bereich der Epigyne trapezförmig, breiter als lang

Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856)

Epigyne (Azheganova 1968)	Epigyne (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)	Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Vulva, dorsal (Tullgren 1946)

Zentraler Bereich der Epigyne rundlich, länger als breit

14
(13)

Epigyne und Vulva wie Abb.

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)

Epigyne (Brændegaard 1966)	Epigyne (Platnick & Shadab 1976c)	Epigyne (Roberts 1995)
Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1951)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Epigyne (Locket et al. 1974)
Vulva (Platnick & Shadab 1976c)	Vulva, dorsal (Tullgren 1946)	Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)

Epigyne sehr ähnlich lapidosus, aber seitliche Teile etwas breiter, mittlerer Teil schmäler

Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)

Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)

Weitere Taxa

1. Drassodes albicans (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Pedipalpus (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Chelicere, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Epigyne (Simon 1914)	Epigyne (Birer et al. 2025)
Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva, dorsal (Birer et al. 2025)

2. Drassodes andorranus Denis, 1938

Epigyne, ventral
(Denis 1938)

3. Drassodes archibensis Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Ponomarev & Alieva 2008)

4. Drassodes arenosus Wunderlich, 2023

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Wunderlich 2023)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Wunderlich 2023)	Chelicere, ventral (Wunderlich 2023)
Epigyne (Wunderlich 2023)	Epigyne (Wunderlich 2023)	Vulva, dorsal (Wunderlich 2023)

5. Drassodes auritus Schenkel, 1963

Pedipalpus, ventral (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2004)	Epigyne, ventral (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2004)	Epigyne, ventral (Schenkel 1963)
Vulva, dorsal (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2004)

6. Drassodes balneum Wunderlich, 2025

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Wunderlich 2025)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Wunderlich 2025)	Tibialapophyse, retrolateral (Wunderlich 2025)
Epigyne (Wunderlich 2025)

7. Drassodes bifidus Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Kovblyuk et al. 2009)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Kovblyuk et al. 2009)	Epigyne/Vulva, dorsal (Seyyar et al. 2015)
Epigyne/Vulva, ventral (Seyyar et al. 2015)

8. Drassodes canaglensis Caporiacco, 1927

Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1927)

9. Drassodes caspius Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006

Pedipalpus, ventral (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2006)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Coşar et al. 2017)	Pedipalpus, prolateral (Coşar et al. 2017)
Pedipalpus mit Tibia, ventral (Khasayeva & Huseynov 2019)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Dimitrov & Naumova 2021)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Dimitrov & Naumova 2021)
Chelicere, posterior (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2006)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Coşar et al. 2017)	Epigyne, ventral (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2006)

10. Drassodes charcoviae (Thorell, 1875)

-- Fehlende Zuteilung --
(WSC 2026)

11. Drassodes chybyndensis Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Pedipalpus, dorsal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Pedipalpentibia, retrolateral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Chelicerenbezahnung, anterior (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Epigyne, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Vulva (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Chelicerenbezahnung, anterior (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)

12. Drassodes dagestanus Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008

Pedipalpus, ventral (Ponomarev & Alieva 2008)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Ponomarev & Alieva 2008)	Epigyne, ventral (Ponomarev & Alieva 2008)
Vulva, dorsal (Ponomarev & Alieva 2008)

13. Drassodes deserticola Simon, 1893

-- Fehlende Zuteilung --
(WSC 2026)

14. Drassodes difficilis (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Alderweireldt & De Boever 2016)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Alderweireldt & De Boever 2016)	Medianapophyse, ventral (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Chelicere, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)
Epigyne, ventral (Alderweireldt & De Boever 2016)	Epigyne (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Vulva, ventral (Alderweireldt & De Boever 2016)
Vulva, ventral (Alderweireldt & De Boever 2016)	Vulva (Barrientos et al. 2017)

15. Drassodes distinctus (Lucas, 1846)

Augen
(Lucas 1846)

Habitus, dorsal
(Lucas 1846)

16. Drassodes fugax (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Embolus und Terminalapophyse (Barrientos et al. 2017)
Tibialapophyse (Simon 1914)	Epigyne (Simon 1914)	Epigyne, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)
Vulva, dorsal (Hervé & Rollard 2009)

17. Drassodes gia Melic & Barrientos, 2017

Pedipalpus, prolateral (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Barrientos et al. 2017)
Embolus und Terminalapophyse (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Chelicere, ventral (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Epigyne (Barrientos et al. 2017)
Epigyne (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Vulva (Barrientos et al. 2017)	Vulva (Barrientos et al. 2017)

18. Drassodes inermis (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Chelicere, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)
Epigyne (Simon 1914)	Epigyne, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Epigyne (Lecigne 2018b)
Vulva, dorsal (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Vulva, dorsal (Lecigne 2018b)	Chelicere, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)

19. Drassodes lacertosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpenfemur (Levy 2004)
Pedipalpentibia, retrolateral (Levy 2004)	Chelicere, ventral (Levy 2004)	Epigyne (Levy 2004)
Vulva, dorsal (Levy 2004)

20. Drassodes lapidosus bidens (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Simon 1914)

Chelicerenbezahnung
(Simon 1914)

21. Drassodes longispinus Marusik & Logunov, 1995

Pedipalpus, ventral (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Pedipalpus mit Tibia, prolateral (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Song et al. 2004)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Song et al. 2004)	Pedipalpus mit Tibia, retrolateral (Song et al. 2004)	Pedipalpus mit Tibia, ventral (Song et al. 2004)
Bulbus, ventral (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Bulbus, ventral (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Ende der Tibialapophyse, ventral (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)
Chelicere, frontal (Song et al. 2004)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Epigyne (Tuneva & Esyunin 2012)	Epigyne (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Epigyne (Song et al. 2004)
Vulva, dorsal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Vulva, dorsal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Vulva, dorsal (Tuneva & Esyunin 2012)
Vulva, dorsal (Marusik & Logunov 1995b)	Vulva, dorsal (Song et al. 2004)	Chelicere, ventral (Tuneva & Esyunin 2012)

22. Drassodes luteomicans (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Pantini et al. 2013)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Pantini et al. 2013)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Barrientos et al. 2022)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Barrientos et al. 2022)	Epigyne (Simon 1914)	Epigyne, ventral (Pantini et al. 2013)
Epigyne (Barrientos et al. 2022)	Epigyne (Lecigne et al. 2025)	Vulva, ventral (Pantini et al. 2013)
Vulva, dorsal (Barrientos et al. 2022)	Vulva, dorsal (Lecigne et al. 2025)	Chelicere, posterior (Pantini et al. 2013)

23. Drassodes lutescens (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Di Franco 1994a)	Pedipalpus (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Pedipalpus (Di Franco 1994a)
Pedipalpentibia (Levy 2004)	Chelicere, ventral (Levy 2004)	Epigyne (Di Franco 1994a)
Epigyne (Levy 2004)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Epigyne (Di Franco 1994a)
Epigyne, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Epigyne (Crespo et al. 2009b)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Vulva (Di Franco 1994a)	Vulva, dorsal (Levy 2004)	Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Vulva (Di Franco 1994a)	Vulva (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Chelicere, anterior (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)

24. Drassodes mandibularis (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne, ventral
(L. Koch 1866)

25. Drassodes montenegrinus (Kulczyński, 1897)

Epigyne/Vulva
(Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897)

Epigyne
(Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897)

26. Drassodes mylonasi Chatzaki, 2019

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Chatzaki & Van Keer 2019)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki & Van Keer 2019)	Endapparat, ventro-prolateral (Chatzaki & Van Keer 2019)
Epigyne (Chatzaki & Van Keer 2019)	Vulva (Chatzaki & Van Keer 2019)

27. Drassodes natali Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Pedipalpus, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Song et al. 1999)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Pedipalpus, dorsal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Ende der Tibialapophyse (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Pedipalpentibia, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Chelicere, anterior (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Epigyne, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Epigyne, ventral (Song et al. 1999)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)	Epigyne (Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
Vulva (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)

28. Drassodes neglectus (Keyserling, 1887)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Paquin & Dupérré 2003)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Paquin & Dupérré 2003)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Ovtsharenko & Marusik 1988)	Epigyne (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)
Epigyne (Paquin & Dupérré 2003)	Epigyne (Ovtsharenko & Marusik 1988)	Vulva, dorsal (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)

29. Drassodes obscurus (Lucas, 1846)

Vulva, dorsal
(Bosmans & Hervé 2021)

30. Drassodes omalosis Roewer, 1928

Pedipalpus (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Epigyne (Chatzaki 2021)
Vulva, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Vulva, dorsal (Chatzaki 2021)	Vulva, ventral (Chatzaki 2021)

31. Drassodes paroculus Simon, 1893

-- Fehlende Zuteilung --
(WSC 2026)

32. Drassodes placidulus Simon, 1914

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Simon 1914)

33. Drassodes rostratus Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Pedipalpus, dorsal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Ponomarev & Shmatko 2021)
Pedipalpentibia, lateral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Chelicere, frontal (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)	Chelicere, lateral (Esyunin & Tuneva 2002)
Epigyne (Esyunin et al. 2007)

34. Drassodes rubidus (Simon, 1878)

Pedipalpus, ventral
(Simon 1914)

Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

35. Drassodes serratichelis (Roewer, 1928)

Pedipalpus (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Levy 2004)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpus, prolateral (Wunderlich 2011a)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Wunderlich 2011a)
Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Seropian et al. 2026)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Seropian et al. 2026)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)
Pedipalpus, ventral (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)	Endapparat (Wunderlich 2011a)	Prosoma, dorsal (Wunderlich 2011a)
Trochanter IV, ventral (Wunderlich 2011a)	Metatarsus III, ventral (Wunderlich 2011a)	Epigyne (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Epigyne (Levy 2004)	Epigyne (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)	Vulva (Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
Vulva, dorsal (Levy 2004)	Vulva, dorsal (Platnick & Shadab 1976a)

36. Drassodes similis Nosek, 1905

-- Fehlende Zuteilung --
(WSC 2026)

37. Drassodes soussensis Denis, 1956

Epigyne
(Denis 1956a)

38. Drassodes striatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Epigyne
(L. Koch 1866)

39. Drassodes thaleri Hervé, 2009

Pedipalpus, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Chelicere, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)
Epigyne, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Vulva, dorsal (Hervé & Rollard 2009)	Chelicere, ventral (Hervé & Rollard 2009)

40. Drassodes unicolor (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

Pedipalpus, retrolateral (Levy 2004)	Pedipalpus, ventral (Levy 2004)	Tibialapophyse (Levy 2004)
Chelicere, ventral (Levy 2004)	Epigyne (Levy 2004)	Vulva, dorsal (Levy 2004)
Chelicere, ventral (Levy 2004)