Theridiidae: Robertus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
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1
 Males

  2  
- Females

  11  
2
(1)

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cp

 Cymbium distally with 2 robust denticles

Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)
speciesimage

Prosoma, dorsal view
(Miller 1967)
- Cymbium without denticles

  3  
3
(2)

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cp

 Tibia of male pedipalp angled

Robertus lyrifer Holm, 1939

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Hauge 1969)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Holm 1945)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Agnarsson 1996)
speciesimage

male Part of embolus
(Holm 1945)
- Different

  4  
4
(3)

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cp

 Male pedipalp massive, spheroidal, with characteristic apophyses; conductor as fig.

Robertus arundineti (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Weiss & Andriescu 1989)
- Male pedipalp different

  5  
5
(4)		 Bulbus with large double-tipped apophysis

  6  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)
- Bulbus different

  8  
6
(5)

world

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cp

 Tips of bulbal apophysis ± equally large and parallel

Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

 speciesimage

male Embolus
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)
- Different

  7  
7
(6)

world

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cp

 Tips of bulbal apophysis, conductor and embolus as fig.

Robertus truncorum (L. Koch, 1872)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Embolus
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)
-

world

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cp

 Tips of bulbal apophysis, conductor and embolus as fig.; opisthosoma yellow-brownish, mostly lighter than in lividus

Robertus mediterraneus Eskov, 1987

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Eskov 1987a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Eskov 1987a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Embolus
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)
8
(5)		 Bulbus laterally with large bipartite apophysis

  9  
- Different

  10  
9
(8)

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cp

 Bulbus laterally with apophysis; eyes relatively small

Robertus kuehnae Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut, 1993

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut 1993)
-

world

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cp

 Lateral bulbal apophysis as fig.

Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut 1993)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

male Cymbium, dorsal view
(Locket et al. 1974)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Miller 1967)
10
(8)

world

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cp

 Lateral bulbal apophysis narrow and pointed

Robertus neglectus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)
-

world

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cp

 Lateral bulbal apophysis broad and with blunt ending

Robertus insignis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1908

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 1976)
11
(1)

world

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cp

 Epigyne is a shallow, strongly sclerotised groove; entrance ducts very short

Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)
speciesimage

Prosoma, dorsal view
(Miller 1967)
- Epigyne different

  12  
12
(11)

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cp

 Epigyne as fig.

Robertus lyrifer Holm, 1939

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Hauge 1969)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Agnarsson 1996)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Hauge 1969)
- Epigyne different

  13  
13
(12)

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cp

 Epigynal groove pointed anteriorly; epigastric furrow posteriorly bulged; entrance ducts long and convoluted

Robertus arundineti (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Weiss & Andriescu 1989)
- Epigyne different

  14  
14
(13)		 Epigynal groove shallow, strongly sclerotised

  15  
- Epigyne different

  17  
15
(14)

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cp

 Epigynal groove ± square or round, a little anterior to epigastric furrow

Robertus truncorum (L. Koch, 1872)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
- Epigynal groove very large, reaching to epigastric furrow

  16  
16
(15)

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cp

 Epigyne and vulva as fig.

Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
-

world

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cp

 Epigyne and vulva as fig.; opisthosoma yellow-brownish, mostly lighter than in lividus

Robertus mediterraneus Eskov, 1987

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Eskov 1987a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Eskov 1987a)
17
(14)

world

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cp

 epigyne inconspicuous, on a bulge of epigastric furrow; entrance ducts approx. as long as diameter of receptacula seminis

Robertus kuehnae Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut, 1993

male
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut 1993)
- Epigyne different

  18  
18
(17)

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cp

 Epigynal groove small, directly at strongly sclerotised part of epigastric furrow; entrance ducts longer than diameter of receptacula seminis

Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Bauchhenss & Uhlenhaut 1993)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)
- Epigyne different

  19  
19
(18)

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cp

 Epigynal groove partly covered by broad chitinous fold; vulva as fig.

Robertus neglectus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
-

world

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cp

 Epigyne as fig.

Robertus insignis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1908

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Merrett & Snazell 1975)

Further taxa

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1. Robertus alpinus Dresco, 1959
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Dresco 1959a)

 speciesimage

female Eyes, frontal view
(Dresco 1959a)

 speciesimage

female Chelicera, frontal view
(Dresco 1959a)

world

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cp

2. Robertus brachati Wunderlich, 2011
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011c)

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cp

3. Robertus cantabricus Fage, 1931
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Fage 1931)

world

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cp

4. Robertus cardesensis Dresco, 1959
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Dresco 1959a)

 speciesimage

female Eyes, frontal view
(Dresco 1959a)

 speciesimage

female Chelicera, posterior view
(Dresco 1959a)

world

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cp

5. Robertus frivaldszkyi (Chyzer, 1894)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1976)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 1976)

world

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6. Robertus golovatchi Eskov, 1987
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Eskov 1987a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Eskov 1987a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Kovblyuk & Marusik 2012)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk & Marusik 2012)

world

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cp

7. Robertus heydemanni Wiehle, 1965
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wiehle 1965a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Wiehle 1965a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 1973b)
speciesimage

male Conductor
(Weiss & Andriescu 1989)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Weiss & Andriescu 1989)

world

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cp

8. Robertus mazaurici (Simon, 1901)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Dresco 1959a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Loria 2023)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view
(Loria 2023)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wunderlich 1976)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Loria 2023)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Domènech et al. 2023)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Loria 2023)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Domènech et al. 2023)