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Theridiidae  Sundevall, 1833 / Robertus  O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879   19 species

Robertus lividus  (Blackwall, 1836)

WSC LSID urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007977

Key to genera | Key to species

Description

Tips of bulbal apophysis ± of same size and parallel. Prosoma yellowish red-brown. Sternum yellowish red-brown. Chelicerae yellowish red-brown. Femur and patella light yellowish. Tibia red-brown. Metatarsus and tarsus red-brown. Opisthosoma yellowish grey to almost black.

Body length male: 2.5-4 mm
Body length female: 2.5-4.5 mm
Additional information

In moss and fallen leaves of forests

Frequency: Frequent, widely distributed

Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2020): USA (Alaska), Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran
Phenology
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
 male  female
Figures
species

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Pedipalp
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

species

male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1937)

species

male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

species

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

male Pedipalp, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

male Embolus
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

species

male Conductor
(Knoflach 1992)

species

female Palpal claw
(Wunderlich 1976)

species

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

species

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

species

female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

species

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

species

female Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach 1992)

species

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach 1992)

species

female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

species

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Vulva
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Prosoma, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

Sternum
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

Distribution List
Andorra   ( no references ) ||| Austria   ( no references ) ||| Azerbaijan   ( Otto, 2020; ) ||| Belarus   ( Ivanov, 2013; ) ||| Belgium   ( no references ) ||| Bulgaria   ( Blagoev et al., 2018; ) ||| Croatia   ( no references ) ||| Czechia   ( no references ) ||| Denmark   ( no references ) ||| Estonia   ( no references ) ||| Faroe Islands   ( Lissner et al., 2016b; ) ||| Finland   ( Koponen et al., 2016; ) ||| France   ( no references ) ||| Georgia   ( Otto, 2020; ) ||| Germany   ( no references ) ||| Greece   ( no references ) ||| Hungary   ( no references ) ||| Ireland   ( no references ) ||| Italy   ( Pantini & Isaia, 2019; ) ||| Latvia   ( Cera, 2018; ) ||| Liechtenstein   ( no references ) ||| Lithuania   ( no references ) ||| Luxembourg   ( Kreuels et al., 2019; ) ||| Moldova   ( no references ) ||| Montenegro   ( no references ) ||| Netherlands   ( no references ) ||| North Macedonia   ( no references ) ||| Northern Ireland   ( no references ) ||| Norway   ( no references ) ||| Poland   ( no references ) ||| Romania   ( no references ) ||| Russia, Central   ( no references ) ||| Russia, Eastern   ( no references ) ||| Russia, Kaliningrad Region   ( no references ) ||| Russia, Northern   ( no references ) ||| Russia, Southern   ( Otto, 2020; ) ||| Russia, Western   ( no references ) ||| Serbia   ( no references ) ||| Slovakia   ( no references ) ||| Slovenia   ( Kostanjšek & Kuntner, 2015; ) ||| Spain   ( no references ) ||| Spain / Balearic Islands   ( no references ) ||| Sweden   ( no references ) ||| Switzerland   ( no references ) ||| Ukraine   ( Polchaninova & Prokopenko, 2019; ) ||| United Kingdom   ( no references ) |||
References

Barrientos J A, Febrer J B (1986) Arañas de Menorca. I. Agelenidae (Araneae). Descripción del macho de Malthonica balearica Brignoli, 1978. Orsis 2: 121-129

Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)

Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152 pdf

Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org

Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311 pdf

Knoflach B (1992) Neue Robertus-Funde in den Alpen: R. mediterraneus Eskoiv und Robertus sp.. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 79: 161-171 pdf

Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm

Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91 pdf

Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230 pdf

Lissner J, Jensen J-K, Hansen L J, Simonsen W, Kelduni R, Nissen K (2016b) An updated checklist of spiders (Araneae) of the Faroe Islands. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 63: 197-240 pdf

Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British Spiders 2. Ray Soc London

Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)

Miller F (1967) Studien über die Kopulationsorgane der Spinnengattung Zelotes, Micaria, Robertus und Dipoena nebst Beschreibung einiger neuen oder unvollkommen bekannten Spinnenarten. Acta Sc Nat Brno 1: 251-298

Otto S (2020) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 03.2020. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.

Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online Catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other Arachnid Orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). http://araneae.it. Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152 pdf

Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App pdf

Roberts M J (1995) Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide Bath

Wiehle H (1937) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VIII. 26: Familie Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). Tierwelt Deutschlands 33

World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.03.2020) doi: 10.24436/2

Wunderlich J (1976) Zur Kenntnis der mitteleuropäischen Arten der Gattung Enoplognatha Pavesi und Robertus O. Pick. Cambridge Senckenbergiana Biologica 57: 97-112

Updates
06-05-2020 Distribution insert Detail
09-01-2019 Distribution update Detail
11-11-2018 Image insert
15-12-2017 Image insert
21-10-2015 Distribution update Detail
18-12-2014 Image insert