Leptorhoptrum robustum (Westring, 1851)
Description
Cymbium shorter than palpal tibia. Embolus strongly sclerotised. Paracymbium very simple. Epigyne with broad epigynal plate, posterior margin ± straight. Receptacula seminis small and spheroidal, visible through epigyne. Prosoma brown, with dark margin and radial stripes. Sternum brown, tinged with black. Chelicerae brown, robust. Legs yellow-brown, ± short, robust. Opisthosoma grey to almost black.
Body length male: 3-4.2 mmBody length female: 3-4.8 mm
Additional information
In moss and leaves of damp, cool localities from lowland up to alpine zone.
It has been described that this small species repeatedly bite sewage plant workers (Duffey & Green 1975). It is highly unlikely that a 3 mm linyphiid can bite humans, but other effects such as allergic reactions cannot be excluded.
Character states from linyphiid key
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
 |  |
Figures
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1987)
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1956)
Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Morka unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Wiehle 1956)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1987)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Morka unpubl.)
Vulva
(Wiehle 1956)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Femur I, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibia I, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Agnarsson I (1996) Íslenskar köngulær Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar 31: 1-175
Arnold K (2001) Beitrag zur Spinnenfauna (Arachnida, Araneae) des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Berichte der Botanisch-Zoologischen Gesellschaft Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg 28: 211-244
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Duffey E, Green M B (1975) A linyphiid spider biting workers on a sewage-treatment plant. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3: 130-131
Gnelitsa V A (2004b) [Preliminary data on spiders of the family Linyphiidae of the Vyzhnitsky National Nature Park (Carpathians, Ukraine)]. Nature Reserves in Ukraine 10: 86-89
Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm
Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Lissner J, Jensen J-K, Hansen L J, Simonsen W, Kelduni R, Nissen K (2016b) An updated checklist of spiders (Araneae) of the Faroe Islands. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 63: 197-240
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Morka G H (unpubl.)
Naumova M, Blagoev G, Deltshev D (2021) Fifty spider species new to the Bulgarian fauna, with a review of some dubious species (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 4984: 228-257
Nekhaeva A A (2020) On the spider fauna (Arachnida: Aranei) of the Kanin Peninsula and Kolguev Island, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Arthropoda Selecta 29: 387-398
Nentwig W, Gnädinger M, Fuchs J, Ceschi A (2013) A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature. Toxicon 73: 104-110
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Ponomarev A V (2022) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the southeast of the Russian Plain: catalogue, the fauna specific features. SSC RAS Publishers, Rostov-on-Don, 640 pp.
Roberts M J (1987) The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2: Linyphiidae and checklist. Harley Books Colchester, England, 204 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Wiehle H (1956) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, X. 28: Familie Linyphiidae-Baldachinspinnen. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 44: 1-337
WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (31.10.2024) doi: 10.24436/2