Zodarion frenatum Simon, 1885
Description
Male
Embolus nearly semicircular. Tibial apophysis long, straight, with blunt tip. Prosoma yellowish brown, eye region and V-shaped spot near cephalic part dark brown. Femora I-II dark brown, with lateral yellowish orange streaks, all other segments, as well as legs III-IV yellowish orange. Opisthosoma: dorsum purplish brown, subterminal elongated spot, with oblique lateral stripes, venter cream white.
Body length male: 2.8-3.6 mmFemale
Epigyne: median plate whitish, oval, bordered by a semi-circular, hardly chitinised suture. Vulva: spermathecae small, bilobed. Colouration as in males.
Body length female: 3.6-5.6 mmDistribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
 |  |
Figures
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans 2009)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Bosmans 2009)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Dimitrov 2024)
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Shafaie et al. 2025d)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Shafaie et al. 2025d)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Shafaie et al. 2025d)
Epigyne
(Bosmans 2009)
Epigyne
(Dimitrov 2024)
Epigyne
(Shafaie et al. 2025d)
Vulva
(Bosmans 2009)
Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Dimitrov 2024)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Dimitrov 2024)
Vulva, ventral view
(Dimitrov 2024)
Vulva, ventral view
(Shafaie et al. 2025d)
Spermatheca
(Brignoli 1984b)
Distribution List
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018) 
Bosmans R (2009) Revision of the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1833, part III. South East Europe and Turkey (Araneae: Zodariidae). Contributions to Natural History 12: 211-295
Bosmans R, Chatzaki M (2005) A catalogue of the spiders of Greece – a critical review of all spider species cited from Greece with their localities. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische arachnologische Vereniging 20 (2, suppl.): 1-124
Brignoli P M (1984b) Ragni di Grecia XII. Nuovi dati su varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 91: 281-321
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2025a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2025 [last updated 01 December 2025], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144
Dimitrov D (2024) On the taxonomy of the Zodarion thoni species-group (Araneae, Zodariidae), with description of a new species with an unmodified embolus. Zootaxa 5419: 112-120
Isaia M, Tolve M, Pantini P (2025) Araneae.it: 2.0: the new updated version of the digital catalog of the Italian spiders and other arachnids (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 57: 197-204
Komnenov M (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana 2: 1-267
Shafaie S, Pekár S, Seyyar O (2025d) New data on zodariid spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean. European Journal of Taxonomy 1016: 1-139
WSC (2026) World Spider Catalog. Version 27. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (13.2.2026) doi: 10.24436/2