Theridiidae  Sundevall, 1833 / Robertus  O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879   18 species

Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944

Description
Male

Cymbium distally with 2 robust denticles. Prosoma yellow-brown, shiny, darker margin only vague. Sternum dark brown. Chelicerae yellow-brown, robust. Legs brown, unicoloured, short and robust. Opisthosoma yellowish grey to almost black.

Body length male: 2.0-2.5 mm
Female

Epigyne with flat, strongly sclerotised groove. Vulva with very short entrance ducts. 

Body length female: 2.0-2.5 mm
Additional information

In sunny, but very damp localities under stones and leaves

Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2026): Europe, Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China
Phenology
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
 male  female
Figures
Distribution List
Austria   (Knoflach & Thaler, 1998) ||| Czechia   (Růžička & Řezáč, 2022a) ||| Denmark   (Glime & Lissner, 2013) ||| Estonia   (Vilbaste, 1987) ||| Finland   (Koponen et al., 2016) ||| Germany   (Blick et al., 2016) ||| Italy   (Isaia et al., 2025) ||| Lithuania   (Biteniekytė & Rėlys, 2012) ||| Norway   (Farlund, 2019) ||| Poland   (Rozwałka & Stanska, 2008) ||| Russia, Kaliningrad Region   (Schikora, 1997) ||| Slovakia   (Gajdoš et al., 1999) ||| Switzerland   (Maurer & Hänggi, 1990) |||
References

Aadland B (unpubl.) .

Biteniekytė M, Rėlys V (2012) The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Biologija 57: 148-158 pdf

Blick T, Finch O-D, Harms K H, Kiechle J, Kielhorn K-H , Kreuels M, Malten A, Martin D, Muster C, Nährig D, Platen R, Rödel I, Scheidler M, Staudt A, Stumpf H, Tolke D (2016) Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae) Deutschlands. 3. Fassung, Stand April 2008, einzelne Änderungen und Nachträge bis August 2015. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70/4: 383-510 pdf

Farlund M (2019) Norwegian Spiders - Norske edderkopper. Siste oppdatering for funn av nye arter 10. oktober, 2019. Online at http://crocea.wordpress.com/norsk-artsliste/ pdf

Gajdoš P, Svatoň J, Sloboda J (1999) Katalóg pavúkov Slovenska. Catalogue of Slovakian spiders. Ústav kr. ekol. SAV, Bratislava, 337 pp. pdf

Glime J M, Lissner 2013 (2013) Chapter 7-5. Arthropods: spiders of peatlands in Denmark and tundra. In: Glime J M (ed.) Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. 26 pp. 
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/7/ pdf

Isaia M, Tolve M, Pantini P (2025) Araneae.it: 2.0: the new updated version of the digital catalog of the Italian spiders and other arachnids (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 57: 197-204 pdf

Knoflach B, Thaler K (1998) Kugelspinnen und verwandte Familien von Österreich: ökofaunistische Übersicht (Araneae: Theridiidae, Anapidae, Mysmenidae, Nesticidae). Stapfia 667-712 pdf

Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm pdf

Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)

Maurer R, Hänggi A (1990) Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen. Documenta Faunistica Helvetiae 12 pdf

Miller F (1967) Studien über die Kopulationsorgane der Spinnengattung Zelotes, Micaria, Robertus und Dipoena nebst Beschreibung einiger neuen oder unvollkommen bekannten Spinnenarten. Přírodovědné práce ústavů Československé Akademie Věd v Brně (N.S.) 1: 251-298 pdf

Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html pdf

Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html pdf

Schikora H-B (1997) Wachsende Regenmoorflächen im Zehlaubruch (Kaliningrad-Region): Extremlebensraum für epigäische Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae)? Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie 27: 447-452 pdf

Vilbaste A (1987) Eesti Ämblikud (Aranei). Annoteeritud nimestik. Estonian spiders (Aranei). An annotated check list. Valgus, Tallinn. 113 pp. & 512 maps on 67 unpag. pages pdf

WSC (2026) World Spider Catalog. Version 27. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.5.2026) doi: 10.24436/2 pdf

Wunderlich J (1976) Zur Kenntnis der mitteleuropäischen Arten der Gattung Enoplognatha Pavesi und Robertus O. Pick. Cambridge Senckenbergiana Biologica 57: 97-112 pdf

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30-10-2025 Distribution update Detail
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