Salticidae: Attulus Simon, 1889
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1
 Males

  2  
- Females

  14  
2
(1)		 Bulbus round

  3  
- Bulbus oval or quadrangular

  9  
3
(2)		 Tibial apophysis long, projecting, ± bent

  4  
- Tibial apophysis slender, triangular, pointed

  5  
4
(3)

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cp

 Tibial apophysis bent towards bulbus; embolus twisted around bulbus, its base covered; opisthosoma dorsally without white spots

Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

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cp

 Tibial apophysis only slightly bent; embolus short and robust; opisthosoma dorsally with a pair of white spots

Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
5
(3)

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cp

 Embolus at its base distinctly separated from bulbus

Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Embolus at its base covered by a white membrane of bulbus

  6  
6
(5)

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cp

 Sperm duct slightly S-like bent; tibial apophysis broad at its base; femora uniformly dark

Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Sperm duct strongly S-like bent; tibial apophysis longer and narrower; femora not uniformly dark

  7  
7
(6)

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cp

 Pedipalps without striking white hairs; pedipalp as fig.

Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Pedipalps with striking white hairs, mainly on femur and patella

  8  
8
(7)

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cp

 Prosoma with 3 distinct narrow longitudinal stripes consisting of white hairs; cymbium and bulbus comparatively large; basal half of femora bright; pedipalp as fig.

Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

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cp

 Prosoma with one bright median longitudinal stripe, the two lateral stripes less distinct, broadened above coxa III, from there often a vague transverse line running to median line; cymbium and bulbus comparatively small

Attulus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)
9
(2)

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cp

 Embolus broad, parallel to bulbal main axis, slightly bent distally

Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Embolus narrow, diagonal to bulbal main axis

  10  
10
(9)

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cp

 Tibial apophysis broad, slantingly truncated distally, ending blunt

Sittisax saxicola (C. L. Koch, 1846)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Tibial apophysis ending in a pointed tip

  11  
11
(10)

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cp

 Tibial apophysis broadly triangular, straight

Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Tibial apophysis narrower and bent

  12  
12
(11)

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cp

 Tibial apophysis long, uniformly bent

Attulus longipes (Canestrini, 1873)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1991)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Prószyński 1991)
- Tibial apophysis shortly triangular, ± distinct tip

  13  
13
(12)

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cp

 Pedipalp dorsally unicoloured, with white bristles; pedipalp tibia moderately thickened; pedipalp as fig.

Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1991)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

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cp

 Pedipalp dorsally with distinctly marked off colour pattern; pedipalp tibia strongly thickened; pedipalp as fig.

Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1991)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

male Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
14
(1)		 Copulatory openings of epigyne not visible from the outside

  15  
- Epigyne with distinctly visible copulatory openings

  16  
15
(14)

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cp

 Epigyne only consisting of a sclerotised depression with 2 dark spots; vulva simple

Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

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cp

 Epigyne is a complexly sclerotised plate; vulva complex, as fig.

Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
16
(14)		 Epigyne with distinctly developed groove, with covered copulatory openings at bottom

  17  
- Epigyne without distinct groove, copulatory openings distinct

  20  
17
(16)		 Epigynal groove in anterior half of epigyne

  18  
- Epigynal groove in posterior half of epigyne

  24  
18
(17)

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cp

 Epigynal groove longer than wide

Sittisax saxicola (C. L. Koch, 1846)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Epigynal groove wider than long

  19  
19
(18)

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cp

 Epigynal groove with 2 openings, connected with posterior epigynal margin by narrow longitudinal depressions

Attulus longipes (Canestrini, 1873)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Prószyński 1991)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Breuss 2001)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1991)
-

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 Epigynal groove slit-like

Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
20
(16)

world

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cp

 Epigynal groove inversely V-like developed

Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Epigynal groove roundish heart-shaped (for determination of the following 4 species a vulva preparation is needed)

  21  
21
(20)

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 Entrance duct leading to anterior end of receptacula seminis, with single twist

Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Entrance duct leading to middle part of receptacula seminis

  22  
22
(21)

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cp

 Entrance duct with single twist

Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Thaler 1981c)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Entrance duct stronger convoluted

  23  
23
(22)

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cp

 Epigyne and vulva as fig.

Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

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cp

 Epigyne and vulva as fig.

Attulus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)
speciesimage

female Habitus
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Logunov & Kronestedt 1997)
24
(17)

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cp

 Copulatory openings distinctly separated over 1/2 of epigyne length by narrow elevation

Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
- Different

  25  
25
(24)

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cp

 Due to broad elevation in anterior epigynal part 2 small, anteriorly open grooves indicated

Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
-

world

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cp

 Epigyne and vulva as fig.

Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Szűts et al. 2003)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Szűts et al. 2003)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Żabka 1997)
speciesimage

female Habitus
(Żabka 1997)

Further taxa

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cp

1. Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 2023a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 2023a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Seropian et al. 2023b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Seropian et al. 2023b)
speciesimage

male Bulbus, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wesołowska 1996)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Wesołowska 1996)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov 2023a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wesołowska 1996)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Logunov 2023a)

world

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cp

2. Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)
speciesimage

male Habitus
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Kronestedt & Logunov 2003)

world

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cp

3. Attulus avocator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Marusik 2000)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Logunov & Marusik 2000)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Marusik 2000)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov & Marusik 2000)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Logunov & Marusik 2000)

world

add

cp

4. Attulus barsakelmes (Logunov & Rakov, 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2008b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev 2008b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Rakov 1998)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2008b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Logunov & Rakov 1998)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ponomarev 2008b)

world

add

cp

5. Attulus damini (Chyzer, 1891)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chyzer & Kulczyński 1891)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, dorsal view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, dorso-lateral view
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Habitus, dorsal view
(Prószyński 1987)

world

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cp

6. Attulus goricus (Ovtsharenko, 1978)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko 1978)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, dorsal view
(Prószyński 1987)
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, ventro-lateral view
(Prószyński 1987)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko 1978)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko 1978)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Prószyński 1987)

world

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cp

7. Attulus inopinabilis (Logunov, 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 1992a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 1992a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov 1998a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov 2023a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov 1998a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Logunov 2023a)

world

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cp

8. Attulus pulchellus (Logunov, 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 1992a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 1992a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov 1995a)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov 1995a)

world

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cp

9. Attulus relictarius (Logunov, 1998)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 1998a)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, lateral view
(Logunov 1998a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov 1998a)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Logunov 1998a)

world

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cp

10. Attulus rivalis (Simon, 1937)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 2004a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 2004a)

 speciesimage

male Habitus
(Logunov 2004a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Logunov 2004a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Logunov 2004a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Logunov 2004a)
speciesimage

female Habitus
(Logunov 2004a)