Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
Description
Male palp with 2 ± equally long tibial apophyses. Epigyne ± quadrangular, reaching beyond epigastric furrow. Prosoma yellow-brown, male: with very high bipartite spheroidal cephalic lobe. Legs yellow-orange. Opisthosoma light grey.
Body length male: 1.6-1.9 mmBody length female: 1.8-2.2 mm
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1960a)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1987)
Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibial apophysis
(Wiehle 1960a)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Prosoma, lateral view
(Roberts 1987)
Prosoma
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Prosoma, lateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Ocular area, dorsal view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Wiehle 1960a)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1987)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1987)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1987)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1987)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Castellucci et al. 2023)
Vulva
(Wiehle 1960a)
Vulva
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Eyes, frontal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Leg I
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibia III
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Prosoma, lateral view
(Wiehle 1960a)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Wiehle 1960a)
Eyes, dorsal view
(Roberts 1987)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Arnold K (2001) Beitrag zur Spinnenfauna (Arachnida, Araneae) des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Berichte der Botanisch-Zoologischen Gesellschaft Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg 28: 211-244
Ballini S, Stauder F, Steinberger K-H (2015) Webspinnen (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Schatz H & Wilhalm T (Eds). Tag der Artenvielfalt 2014 in St. Felix (Gemeinde Unsere Liebe Frau im Walde St. Felix, Südtirol, Italien). Gredleriana 15: 168-171
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Bračko G, Kostanjšek R (2024) First records of the myrmecophilous spider Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) for Slovenia and new Slovenian records for the myrmecophilous spider Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871). Natura Sloveniae 26: 17-28
Castellucci F, Schifani E, García F, Luchetti A, Scharff N (2023) First record of the genus Thyreosthenius (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from the Iberian Peninsula with notes on the host preference of the myrmecophilic T. biovatus. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 65: 27-30
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Mikhailov K G (2013) The spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Russia and adjacent countries: a non-annotated checklist. Arthropoda Selecta, Supplement 3: 1-262
Roberts M J (1987) The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2: Linyphiidae and checklist. Harley Books Colchester, England, 204 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Wiehle H (1960a) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). XI. Micryphantidae-Zwergspinnen. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 47: 1-620
WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (22.01.2024) doi: 10.24436/2