Improphantes improbulus (Simon, 1929)
Description
Male palp with tapering lamella in distal third, pointed distally. Epigyne with strongly developed epigynal plates, enclosing scapus collar-like, therefore also visible from ventral, posterior part of scapus almost 4 times as wide as long. Prosoma yellow-brown, with or without dorsal spot. Legs clay-yellow. Opisthosoma grey-white to black.
Body length male: 2-2.3 mmBody length female: 2.1-2.7 mm
Additional information
in litter layer and small caves
Troglophile species (Mammola et al. 2018)
Character states from linyphiid key
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
 |  |
Figures
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Miller & Svaton 1978)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Thaler 1986c)
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Thaler 1986c)
Paracymbium
(Thaler 1986c)
Epigyne
(Heimer 1978)
Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Epigyne
(Miller & Svaton 1978)
Epigyne, lateral view
(Miller & Svaton 1978)
Epigyne, antero-ventral view
(Thaler 1986c)
Epigyne/vulva, aboral view
(Thaler 1986c)
Epigyne, ventral view
(Thaler 1986c)
Vulva
(Miller & Svaton 1978)
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144
Heimer S (1978) Zur intragenerischen Isolation der Arten der Gattung Pocadicnemis Simon 1884. Zool Abh Staatl Mus Tierk Dresden 35: 101-112
Heimer S, Nentwig W (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Berlin 
Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org
Komnenov M (2017) New data on spider fauna (Araneae) of Shar Mountain, north-western Macedonia. Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the Ecologists of Macedonia, with international participation (Ohrid, 19th-22nd October 2016). Special issues of the Macedonian Ecological Society 13: 44-61
Mammola S, Cardoso P, Ribera C, Pavlek M, Isaia M (2018b) A synthesis on cave-dwelling spiders in Europe. Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56: 301-316
Miller F, Svaton J (1978) Einige seltene und bisher unbekannte Spinnenarten aus der Slowakei. Annotnes Zool Bot Bratislava 126: 1-19
Otto S (2017) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 08.2017. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2018) Checklist of the Italian spiders (version June 2018). online at http://www.museoscienzebergamo.it/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=96&Itemid=94
Staudt A, Weber D, Nährig D (2013) Webspinnen (Arachnida, Araneae) aus Höhlen des Grossherzogtums Luxemburgs. Ferrantia 69: 115-157
Thaler K (1986c) Vier bemerkenswerte Leptyphantes-Arten aus dem Mittelmeergebiet und aus Vorderasien (Arachnida: Aranei, Linyphiidae). Sber öst Akad Wiss (I) 194: 311-325
World Spider Catalog (2018) World Spider Catalog, version 19.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (15.07.2018) doi: 10.24436/2