Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802)
Description
Embolus at tip of bulbus, convoluted. Epigyne with horseshoe-like sclerotised wall. Prosoma posteriorly covered by opisthosoma, eye region greater than half of visible prosomal part, male: prosoma surface roughly sculptured, shiny metallic. Legs light brown to red-brown. Opisthosoma strongly sclerotised, light brown with dark median band, posteriorly crossed by dark transverse band.
Body length male: 2.7-3.6 mmBody length female: 3-3.4 mm
Additional information
Small, compact species. On shrubbery of deciduous forests and in leaf litter, mostly at sunny forest edges
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
 |  |
Figures
Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(García & Suárez 2019)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Leg I, lateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
Habitus
(Stanković unpubl.)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Habitus, frontal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Vulva
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Vulva
(Żabka 1997)
Vulva
(Artmann-Graf unpubl.)
Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
Distribution List
References
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Artmann-Graf G (unpubl.)
Barrientos J A, Febrer B (2017) Arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España). Nuevos datos. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 31: 8-24
Biteniekyte M, Relys V (2012) The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Biologija 57: 148-158
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173
Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). [N.B.: few records from this paper are not taken over and not commented] Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Brændegaard J (1966) Edderkopper: Eller Spindlere I Danmarks Fauna 72: 1-224
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2019) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2019 [last updated 1 June 2019], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
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García J, Suárez D (2019) A spider survey in a protected area of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) reveals five new records for the island. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 69-76
Hermann E (1998) Die Spinnen (Araneae) ausgewählter Halbtrockenrasen im Osten Luxemburgs. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes Luxembourgeois 99: 189-199
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Komnenov M (2010) Checklist of spiders (Araneae) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Uzizaž i Biospeld 5(2009): 52-69
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Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1951) British spiders. Vol. I. Ray Society, London, 310 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Otto S (2020) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 03.2020. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). http://araneae.it. Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Pesarini C (unpubl.)
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Roberts M J (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Stanković B (unpubl.) .
Vrenozi B, Jäger P (2012) A faunistic study on ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) in the Tirana district, Albania. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 44: 81-87
WSC (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (03.01.2021) doi: 10.24436/2
Żabka M (1997) Salticidae: Pajaki skaczace (Arachnida: Araneae) (Salticidae of Poland). Fauna Polski (Fauna Poloniae) 19: 1-188