Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790)
Description
Male
Colouration as in female, but opisthosomal blotches whitish.
Body length male: 4-7 mmFemale
Vulva: spermathecae contiguous. Prosoma black, glossy, slightly longer than wide. Prosoma 3-5.2 mm long. Legs black, glossy. Opisthosoma black, dorsally with 3 longitudinal series of red blotches, sometimes these blotches are absent and the opisthosoma is entirely black, ventrally with a red blotch behind epigastric furrow, opisthosoma covered with both long hairs and short bifid hairs.
Body length female: 7-15 mmAdditional information
In dry habitats, dunes, sandy beaches, shingle beaches and on low vegetation.
This species can bite humans, as also all other Latrodectus species in the world. Often, a bite causes significant effects, with severe and long-lasting pain in two-thirds of cases, preventing patients from sleeping in one-third of cases. Pain increases in more than half of the cases within the first hour and mostly radiates into the limbs or abdominal pain develops. Typical symptoms include sweating in about 70% of cases and further systemic effects in 20–30% of cases (nausea and vomiting in less than 20%, raised temperature and neuromuscular effects in about 10%, hypertension in less than 10% of cases). Pain usually lasts 1–2 days and the other symptoms 1–4 days. In Europe, bites have become very rare in the last decades. If needed, a symptomatic medical treatment is recommended.
Distribution
Phenology
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Figures
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Levy 1998b)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Pedipalp, apical view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, lateral view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Opisthosoma, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
Epigyne
(Brignoli 1967c)
Epigyne, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Epigyne, variation, ventral view
(Levy 1998b)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Brignoli 1984b)
Vulva, ventral view
(Brignoli 1984b)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Levy 1998b)
Chelicera
(Levy 1998b)
Habitus
(Levy 1998b)
Distribution List
References
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Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173
Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019
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Brignoli P M (1984b) Ragni di Grecia XII. Nuovi dati su varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 91: 281-321
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Levy G (1998b) Araneae: Theridiidae. In Fauna Palaestina, Arachnida III. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. , 228 pp.
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World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.03.2020) doi: 10.24436/2