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Theridiidae  Sundevall, 1833 / Steatoda  Sundevall, 1833   19 species

Steatoda triangulosa  (Walckenaer, 1802)

WSC LSID urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008125

Key to genera | Key to species

Description
Male

Conductor long and bent. Tibia of male palpal longer than cymbium. Prosoma red-brown, wrinkled, 1.6-2 mm long. Sternum red-brown, wrinkled. Chelicerae brown, shiny. Legs yellowish, to bright red-brown, all segments sometimes distally darkened. Opisthosoma dark brown to almost black, pattern yellowish, sometimes broken into single spots.

Body length male: 3.5-5 mm
Female

Epigyne small and rounded. Prosoma 1.8-2 mm long. Colouration as in male.

Body length female: 3.5-8.6 mm
Additional information

Only in buildings in Central Europe, at dry, sunny places under stones in the south, in caves, dunes, forests, garrigue, fallow land, marshes, rocky seashore, littoral salty areas.

Since a few decades, this species shows some spreading tendencies within Europe. Nevertheless, it shall not be listed as alien or invasive because it is native for Europe.

Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2023): Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea. Introduced to Canada, USA, Canary Is.
Phenology
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
 male  female
Figures
species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Yoshida 2001)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Pesarini unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

species

female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Epigyne
(Yoshida 2001)

species

female Epigyne
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Morka unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne, with mating plug
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)

species

female Vulva
(Yoshida 2001)

species

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Vulva, posterior view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

species

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Morka unpubl.)

species

Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)

species

Habitus, dorsal view
(Faúndez & Carvajal 2016)

Distribution List
Albania   (no references) ||| Algeria   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Andorra   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Armenia   (Zarikian, 2022b) ||| Austria   (no references) ||| Azerbaijan   (Otto, 2022) ||| Belgium   (no references) ||| Bosnia and Herzegovina   (Stanković & Ćurĉić, 2020) ||| Bulgaria   (Blagoev et al., 2018) ||| Croatia   (no references) ||| Cyprus   (Bosmans et al., 2019c) ||| Czechia   (no references) ||| Denmark   (Lissner & Scharff, 2019) ||| Egypt   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| France   (no references) ||| France / Corsica   (no references) ||| Georgia   (Otto, 2022) ||| Germany   (no references) ||| Greece   (no references) ||| Greece / Crete   (no references) ||| Hungary   (Samu & Szinetár, 1999) ||| Italy   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Italy / Sardinia   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Italy / Sicily   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Kosovo   (Geci & Naumova, 2021b) ||| Latvia   (Cera, 2018) ||| Libya   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Luxembourg   (Kreuels et al., 2019) ||| Malta   (Pfliegler et al., 2017) ||| Montenegro   (no references) ||| Morocco   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Netherlands   (no references) ||| North Macedonia   (no references) ||| Poland   (Rozwałka et al., 2013) ||| Portugal   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Romania   (no references) ||| Russia, Central   (no references) ||| Russia, Eastern   (no references) ||| Russia, Northern   (no references) ||| Russia, Southern   (Otto, 2022) ||| Serbia   (no references) ||| Slovakia   (no references) ||| Slovenia   (Kostanjšek & Kuntner, 2015) ||| Spain   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Spain / Balearic Islands   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Switzerland   (no references) ||| Tunisia   (Bosmans, unpubl.) ||| Turkey (Asia)   (Danışman et al., 2022) ||| Turkey (Europe)   (Danışman et al., 2022) ||| Ukraine   (Polchaninova & Prokopenko, 2019) ||| United Kingdom   (Lavery, 2019) |||
References

Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018) pdf

Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173 pdf

Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019

Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254 pdf

Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152 pdf

Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2022) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2022 [last updated 24 August 2022], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info pdf

Faúndez E I, Carvajal M A (2016) The spider genus Steatoda Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the State of North Dakota (USA). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 29: 83-85 pdf

Geci D, Naumova M (2021b) A preliminary checklist of the spiders of Kosovo (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologia Balkanica, Special Edition 4: 11-28 pdf

Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91 pdf

Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230 pdf

Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212 pdf

Lissner J, Scharff N (2019) Danish Spiders. Online at http://www.danmarks-edderkopper.dk pdf

Morka G H (unpubl.)

Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.

Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152 pdf

Pesarini C (unpubl.)

Pfliegler W A, Schönhofer A, Niedbała W, Vella P, Sciberras A, Vella A (2017) New records of mites (Acari) and harvestmen (Opiliones) from Malta with a preliminary checklist of Maltese Arachnida. Soil Organisms 89: 85-110 pdf

Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App pdf

Roberts M J (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. pdf

Rozwałka R, Rutkowski T, Bielak-Bielecki P (2013) New data on introduced and rare synanthropic spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) in Poland. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin-Polonia 68: 127-150 pdf

Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184 pdf

Stanković M, Ćurĉić M (2020) New species in the arachnofauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the protected habitat of Gromiţelj, Velino Selo. Archives for Technical Sciences 22: 67-78 pdf

Taberlet J-P (unpubl.)

Wiehle H (1937) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VIII. 26: Familie Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 119-222 pdf

WSC (2022) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (21.07.2022) doi: 10.24436/2 pdf

Yoshida H (2001) The spider genera Robertus, Enoplognatha, Steatoda and Crustulina (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 50: 31-48 pdf

Zarikian N A (2022b) New records on Salticidae and Theridiidae (Araneae) spiders from Armenia. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 17: 169-185 pdf

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