Linyphiidae  Blackwall, 1859 / Sintula  Simon, 1884   16 species

Sintula retroversus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)

Description
Male

Resembles S. solitarius. Palp with longer process of cymbium.

Body length male: 3.0 mm
Female

Prosoma brown-red, with black marginal line and straight dorsal line. Legs pale, tibiae I and II olive brown. Opisthosoma long-oval, glossy black-brown. Epigyne: posteriorly with a large, disc-shaped structure.

Body length female: 3.0-4.5 mm
Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2026): Spain to Ukraine and Greece, Turkey, Caucasus, Israel
Figures
Distribution List
Albania   (Vrenozi & Deltshev, 2012a; Blick, 2018) ||| Armenia   (Otto, 2022) ||| Azerbaijan   (Otto, 2022) ||| Bulgaria   (Blagoev et al., 2018) ||| Croatia   (Milosevic, 2002) ||| Cyprus   (Bosmans et al., 2019c; Tanasevitch, 2011a) ||| France   (Le Peru, 2007) ||| France / Corsica   (Le Peru, 2007) ||| Georgia   (Seropian et al., 2023b) ||| Greece   (Bosmans & Chatzaki, 2005) ||| Greece / Crete   (Bosmans et al., 2013) ||| Hungary   (Samu & Szinetár, 1999) ||| Italy   (Isaia et al., 2025) ||| Italy / Sardinia   (Isaia et al., 2025) ||| Montenegro   (Naumova et al., 2019a) ||| North Macedonia   (Komnenov, 2014) ||| Russia, Southern   (Otto, 2022; Ponomarev, 2022) ||| Slovakia   (Gajdoš et al., 1999) ||| Slovenia   (Kostanjšek & Kuntner, 2015) ||| Spain   (Branco et al., 2019; Barrientos et al., 2015b) ||| Turkey (Asia)   (Danışman et al., 2025a) ||| Turkey (Europe)   (Demircan Aksan & Topçu, 2022c) ||| Ukraine   (Polchaninova & Prokopenko, 2019; Gnelitsa, 2012) |||
References

Barrientos J A, Uribarri I, García-Sarrión R (2015b) Arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) del Turó de l'Home (Parc Natural del Montseny, Cataluña, España). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 27: 61-74 pdf

Bellvert Bantí A (2016) First male record of Sintula retroversus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) and confirmation of a Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833) population in the north east of the Iberian Peninsula (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 28: 155-157 pdf

Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018) pdf

Blick T (2018) A small collection of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the River Vjosa, Albania – with an updated spider checklist of Albania. Acta ZooBot Austria 155: 213-232 pdf

Bosmans R, Chatzaki M (2005) A catalogue of the spiders of Greece – a critical review of all spider species cited from Greece with their localities. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische arachnologische Vereniging 20 (2, suppl.): 1-124 pdf

Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173 pdf

Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Kronestedt T, Alderweireldt M, Bosselaers J, De Koninck H (2013) Spiders of Crete (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from the Greek island of Crete. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 28 (Suppl. 1): 1-147 pdf

Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254 pdf

Brignoli P M (1979h) Ragni d'Italia XXXI. Specie cavernicole nuove o interessanti (Araneae). Quaderni del Museo di Speleologia "V. Rivera" 5(10): 1-48 pdf

Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2025a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2025 [last updated 01 December 2025], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info pdf

Demircan Aksan N, Topçu A (2022c) A preliminary checklist of the spider fauna of European Türkiye. Serket 19: 39-56 pdf

Denis J (1967b) Notes sur les érigonides. XXXVI. Le genre Sintula Simon. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 103: 369-390 pdf

Gajdoš P, Svatoň J, Sloboda J (1999) Katalóg pavúkov Slovenska. Catalogue of Slovakian spiders. Ústav kr. ekol. SAV, Bratislava, 337 pp.

Gnelitsa V A (2012) The genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the description of a new species. Vestnik Zoologii 46: 29-36 pdf

Isaia M, Tolve M, Pantini P (2025) Araneae.it: 2.0: the new updated version of the digital catalog of the Italian spiders and other arachnids (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 57: 197-204 pdf

Komnenov M (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana 2: 1-267 pdf

Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91 pdf

Le Peru B (2007) Catalogue et répartition des araignées de France. Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468 pdf

Milosevic B (2002) Aranea – Popis vrsta – Checklist. Hrvatsko entomološko društvo – Inventar entomofaune Hrvatske [Aranea – List of species – Checklist. Croatian Entomological Society – Inventory of Croatian entomofauna]. pdf

Naumova M, Lazarov S, Deltshev C (2019a) Faunistic diversity of the spiders in Montenegro (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 22: 50-89 pdf

Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.

Pesarini C (unpubl.)

Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App pdf

Ponomarev A V (2022) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the southeast of the Russian Plain: catalogue, the fauna specific features. SSC RAS Publishers, Rostov-on-Don, 640 pp. pdf

Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184 pdf

Seropian A, Bulbulashvili N, Otto S, Krammer H-J, Kachlishvili N, Datunashvili A (2023b) Picking pearls from the Silk Road: insights into the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in Georgia from the Caucasus barcode of life project. Part II. Caucasiana 2: 231-297 pdf

Tanasevitch A V (2011a) On linyphiid spiders from the eastern and central Mediterranean kept at the Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 118: 49-91 pdf

Tanasevitch A V (2025a) On the spider genus Sintula Simon, 1884 in Israel (Aranei: Linyphiidae). Invertebrate Zoology 22: 498-504 pdf

Vrenozi B, Deltshev C (2012a) Faunistic and zoogeographical analyses of Linyphiidae (Araneae) in the Tirana district of Albania. Journal of International Environmental Application & Science 7: 423-426 pdf

WSC (2026) World Spider Catalog. Version 27. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (13.2.2026) doi: 10.24436/2 pdf

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