Dictynidae: Dictyna Sundevall, 1833
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 Cribellum bipartite

Brigittea latens (Fabricius, 1775)
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male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Loksa 1969)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1953)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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male Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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male Chelicerae, frontal view
(Loksa 1969)
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male Chelicerae, frontal view
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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female Vulva
(Azheganova 1968)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)

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female Vulva
(Miller 1947)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1953)
- Cribellum not bipartite

  2  
2
(1)		 Males

  3  
- Females (epigyne is better visible when hairs are removed)

  7  
3
(2)

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 Dorsal tibial apophysis thick and knee-shaped

Dictyna major Menge, 1869

female
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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male Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)

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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Habitus
(Tyschchenko 1971)
- Dorsal tibial apophysis different or missing

  4  
4
(3)		 Conductor spirally twisted, the tip is pointing toward tibia

  5  
- Conductor hook-shaped, the tip is not pointing toward tibia

  6  
5
(4)

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 Tibial apophysis much longer than wide. Legs with distinct annulations; chevrons on opisthosoma mostly missing

Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856

female
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male Pedipalp
(Loksa 1969)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Azheganova 1968)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Loksa 1969)
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male Tibial apophysis
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Tyschchenko 1971)
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 Tibial apophysis ± as long as wide; legs with indistinct dark annulations

Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)

female
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male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

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male Pedipalp
(Loksa 1969)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Loksa 1969)
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male Tibial apophysis
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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male Chelicerae, frontal view
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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Chelicerae, frontal view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Azheganova 1968)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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Habitus
(Brændegaard 1966)
6
(4)

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 Tibial apophysis much longer than wide; conductor massive

Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856

female
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male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)

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male Pedipalp
(Loksa 1969)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)

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Right pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)
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Chelicerae, frontal view
(Wiehle 1953)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Azheganova 1968)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Brændegaard 1966)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
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 Tibial apophysis ± as long as wide; conductor sickle-shaped

Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1848)

female
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male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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male Pedipalp
(Loksa 1969)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1953)

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male Tibial apophysis
(Loksa 1969)

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male Chelicerae, frontal view
(Wiehle 1953)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
7
(2)		 Epigyne distinctly bipartite due to longitudinal median bar

  8  
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 Epigyne without longitudinal median bar. Copulatory opening far anteriorly of epigastric furrow

Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856

male
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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1947)

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female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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female Vulva
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Azheganova 1968)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Brændegaard 1966)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
8
(7)		 Posterior epigynal margin distinctly marked between median bar and lateral pockets

  9  
- Only posterior epigynal margin distinctly marked

  10  
9
(8)

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 Posterior epigynal margin undulated

Dictyna major Menge, 1869

male
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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)

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female Vulva
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Brændegaard 1966)
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 Posterior epigynal margin not undulated, anterior margin distinctly marked

Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1848)

male
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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
10
(8)

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 Posterior margin of epigyne distinctly marked; posterior margin of entrance ducts concave; legs with indistinct dark annulations; body length: 2.5-4.0 mm

Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)

male
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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)

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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Vulva
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Vulva
(Miller 1947)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)
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female Vulva
(Azheganova 1968)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Tyschchenko 1971)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Azheganova 1968)
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Habitus
(Brændegaard 1966)
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 Posterior margin of epigyne only weakly marked; posterior margin of copulatory ducts convex; legs with distinct annulations; chevrons on opisthosoma mostly missing; body length: 1.8-2.5 mm

Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856

male
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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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female Epigyne
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)

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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Vulva
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
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female Vulva
(Wiehle 1953)

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female Vulva
(Loksa 1969)

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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Azheganova 1968)
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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Loksa 1969)

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Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Brændegaard 1966)

Further taxa

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1. Dictyna alaskae Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Danilov 2000)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Danilov 2000)

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2. Dictyna armata Thorell, 1875
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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male Pedipalp with tibia, patella and femur, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2019a)
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female Vulva
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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-- Caption missing --
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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3. Dictyna cyrenaica Caporiacco, 1933
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male Palpal tibia
(Caporiacco 1933)

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4. Dictyna dunini Danilov, 2000
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female Epigyne
(Danilov 2000)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Danilov 2000)

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5. Dictyna foliacea (Hentz, 1850)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)

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male Embolus and conductor
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)

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male Palpal tibia, dorsal view
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)
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female Epigyne
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)

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female Epigyne
(Paquin & Dupérré 2003)

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female Habitus, dorsal view
(Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958)

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6. Dictyna hamifera Thorell, 1872
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Palmgren 1977)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Palmgren 1977)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kulczyński 1908b)
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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Palmgren 1977)

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female Vulva
(Palmgren 1977)

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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Kulczyński 1908b)
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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Palmgren 1977)

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7. Dictyna kosiorowiczi Simon, 1873
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male Pedipalp
(Simon 1914)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Barrientos & Ferrández 1982)

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male Palpal tibia and conductor, retrodorsal view
(Wunderlich 2023)
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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Simon 1914)

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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Barrientos & Ferrández 1982)

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8. Dictyna laeviceps Simon, 1911
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-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2025)

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9. Dictyna ottoi Marusik & Koponen, 2017
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Otto & Japoshvili 2018)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Otto & Japoshvili 2018)

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male Habitus, dorsal view
(Otto & Japoshvili 2018)
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female Epigyne
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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female Vulva
(Marusik & Koponen 2017)

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female Vulva
(Otto & Japoshvili 2018)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ponomarev et al. 2019a)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2019a)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Zamani et al. 2021)
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female Habitus, dorsal view
(Otto & Japoshvili 2018)

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10. Dictyna palmgreni Marusik & Fritzén, 2011
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

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male Prosoma, lateral view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)
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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

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female Vulva
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)
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female Vulva
(Fjellberg unpubl.)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

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female Receptacula seminis
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)
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female Receptacula seminis
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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female Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Marusik & Fritzén 2011)

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11. Dictyna sinuata Esyunin & Sozontov, 2016
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Esyunin & Sozontov 2016)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin & Sozontov 2016)

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male Pedipalp, dorsal view
(Polchaninova et al. 2021)
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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Polchaninova et al. 2021)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Polchaninova et al. 2021)

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male Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view
(Polchaninova et al. 2021)
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male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Esyunin & Sozontov 2016)

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12. Dictyna szaboi Chyzer, 1891
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male Pedipalp, lateral view
(Esyunin et al. 2007)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin et al. 2007)

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male Pedipalp, dorsal view
(Esyunin et al. 2007)
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male Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Esyunin et al. 2007)

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female Vulva
(Kuzmin & Esyunin 2016a)

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13. Dictyna tarda Schmidt, 1971
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female Vulva
(Schmidt 1971)

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14. Dictyna tyshchenkoi Marusik, 1988
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Marusik 1988a)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Marusik 1988a)