Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834)
Description
Male
Embolus nearly circularly bent. Prosoma 0.7 mm long. Characters as in female, but cephalic area dark brown, and opisthosoma dorsally dark brown. Epigastric area not bulging.
Body length male: 1.2-1.5 mmFemale
Epigyne very small, marked yellowish brown. Prosoma completely white or yellowish with light grey pattern shining through. Prosoma 0.7 mm long. Sternum yellowish, posteriorly wide, coxae IV more than one diameter apart. Chelicerae: promargin without teeth. Legs light yellowish, tibia IV with one dorsal bristle. Opisthosoma completely white or yellowish with light grey pattern.
Body length female: 1.6-2.0 mmAdditional information
Mainly in oak forest, pine forest, heathlands, also in cereal fields, dunes, marshes, gardens, hedges, on shrubs and lower branches. Egg sac with pointed projections, whitish, placed under the shelter of a leaf, and guarded by the female.
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wiehle 1937)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
Epigyne
(Wiehle 1937)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Vulva
(Wiehle 1937)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Chelicerae, ventral view
(Knoflach & Thaler 2000)
Eyes, dorsal view
(Wiehle 1937)
Habitus
(Jäger 1995a)
Habitus
(Wiehle 1937)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Benhacene R, Adjami A, Hadjeb A, Kermiche K, Ouakid M L (2023) Bibliographic checklist of the Algerian spider fauna (Araneae). Zootaxa 5352: 301-357
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Blick T (2018) A small collection of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the River Vjosa, Albania – with an updated spider checklist of Albania. Acta ZooBot Austria 155: 213-232
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2024a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2024 [last updated 01 January 2024], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Helsdingen P J van, IJland S (2015) A quick scan of the spider fauna in the surroundings of Përmet, Albania (Arachnida, Araneae) - preliminary report. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 35: 15-33
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Jäger P (1995a) Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Araneae) der Wahner Heide (Nordrhein-Westfalen) mit Anmerkungen zur Biologie und Taxonomie. Diplomarbeit, Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln
Knoflach B, Thaler K (2000) Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae)-I. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 78: 411-442
Komnenov M (2020b) First data on the spider fauna (Araneae) of Maleshevski Mountains in the Republic of Macedonia. Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society 5: 33-43
Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Le Peru B (2007) Catalogue et répartition des araignées de France. Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Roberts M J (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Staudt A, Weber D, Nährig D (2013) Webspinnen (Arachnida, Araneae) aus Höhlen des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Ferrantia 69: 115-157
Vasiliev A I, Mikhailov K G (2023) Annotated checklist of spiders (Araneae) of the Republic of Moldova. Invertebrate Zoology 20: 307-342
Wiehle H (1937) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VIII. 26: Familie Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 119-222
WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (22.01.2024) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 30-05-2023 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 06-06-2021 | Image insert | |
| 03-02-2021 | Image insert | |
| 03-11-2020 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 24-12-2015 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 21-10-2015 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 01-12-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 28-04-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 15-04-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |