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Titanoecidae  Lehtinen, 1967 / Titanoeca  Thorell, 1870   16 species

Titanoeca nivalis  Simon, 1874

WSC LSID urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:023203

Key to genera | Key to species

Description
Male

Prosoma light yellow, cephalic part reddish brown. Prosoma length: 2.28-2.68 mm. Chelicerae reddish brown, with several short black spines on lateral sides. Sternum brown. Legs light yellowish brown, femora brown. Opisthosoma: dorsum greyish brown to dark slate-grey, with 2 whitish spots in the middle, venter with a broad greyish brown median band (Almquist, 2006).

Body length male: 4.5-6.0 mm
Female

Colouration as in males, prosoma slightly darker. Prosoma length: 2.36 mm- 2.96 mm.

Body length female: 4.5-7 mm
Additional information

Under stones and dead wood in humid-cool, shadowy places, up to 2600 m

Distribution
  Presence
  No data
Global distribution (WSC 2021): North America, Scandinavia, Pyrenees (Spain, France), Alps (France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy), Georgia, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
Phenology
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
 male  female
Figures
species

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Leech 1972)

species

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Leech 1972)

species

male Pedipalp, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

male Tibial apophysis
(Thaler 1981c)

species

male Leg I, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Epigyne
(Leech 1972)

species

female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Vulva
(Hubert 1966)

species

female Vulva
(Leech 1972)

species

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

female Leg I, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

species

Femur I, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

Distribution List
Andorra   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Austria   (no references) ||| Finland   (Koponen et al., 2016) ||| France   (no references) ||| Georgia   (Otto, 2020) ||| Italy   (Pantini & Isaia, 2019) ||| Norway   (Aakra & Hauge, 2003) ||| Spain   (Branco et al., 2019) ||| Sweden   (Kronestedt, 2001) ||| Switzerland   (no references) |||
References

Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 pdf

Almquist S (2006) Swedish Araneae, part 2 – families Dictynidae to Salticidae. Insect Systematics & Evolution, Supplement 63: 285-601 pdf

Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254 pdf

Hubert M (1966) Remarques sur quelques espèces d'araignées appartenant au genre Titanoeca Thorell 1870. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 38: 238-246 pdf

Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm pdf

Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001] pdf

Leech R (1972) A revision of the nearctic Amaurobiidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 84: 1-182 pdf

Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)

Otto S (2020) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 03.2020. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.

Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152 pdf

Thaler K (1981c) Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich) (Arachnida: Aranei). Veröffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck 61: 105-150 pdf

WSC (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (29.05.2021) doi: 10.24436/2 pdf

Updates
04-03-2021 Image insert
04-06-2020 Image insert
05-03-2015 Distribution update Detail