Zora manicata Simon, 1878
Description
Epigyne with very small groove. Prosoma with very broad, dark marginal band, dark median longitudinal bands distinctly broader than the nearby bright bands, dark spots laterally behind posterior median eyes. Prosoma length: 1.5-1.7 mm. Male coxa IV with densely covered with thick hairs.
Body length male: 2.8-3.5 mmBody length female: 3.9-5.3 mm
Distribution
Figures
Pedipalp
(Miller 1947)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 2003)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 2003)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Mazzoleni et al. 2016)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Urones 2005)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Urones 2005)
Tibial apophysis
(Miller 1947)
Tibial apophysis
(Miller 1947)
Tibial apophysis, dorsal view
(Urones 2005)
Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view
(Urones 2005)
Tibial apophysis
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Urones 2005)
Eyes, dorsal view
(Levy 2003)
Eyes, frontal view
(Levy 2003)
Sternum
(Levy 2003)
Coxae IV, ventral view
(Urones 2005)
Coxae IV
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Femur and patella I, prolateral view
(Urones 2005)
Opisthosoma, lateral view
(Levy 2003)
Habitus
(Levy 2003)
Epigyne
(Levy 2003)
Epigyne
(Urones 2005)
Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Epigyne
(Ponomarev et al. 2024c)
Epigyne
(Ponomarev et al. 2024c)
Vulva
(Miller 1947)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 2003)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Urones 2005)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Ponomarev et al. 2024c)
Vulva, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2024c)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Ponomarev et al. 2024c)
Leg I
(Levy 2003)
Habitus
(Urones 2005)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Benhacene R, Adjami A, Hadjeb A, Kermiche K, Ouakid M L (2023) Bibliographic checklist of the Algerian spider fauna (Araneae). Zootaxa 5352: 301-357 
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Blick T, Finch O-D, Harms K H, Kiechle J, Kielhorn K-H , Kreuels M, Malten A, Martin D, Muster C, Nährig D, Platen R, Rödel I, Scheidler M, Staudt A, Stumpf H, Tolke D (2016) Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae) Deutschlands. 3. Fassung, Stand April 2008, einzelne Änderungen und Nachträge bis August 2015. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70/4: 383-510
Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144
Dentici A, Amata F C (2018) New faunistic data for the Sicilian arachnofauna (Arachnida Araneae). Biodiversity Journal 9: 271-276
Gajdoš P, Svatoň J, Sloboda J (1999) Katalóg pavúkov Slovenska. Catalogue of Slovakian spiders. Ústav kr. ekol. SAV, Bratislava, 337 pp.
Geci D, Naumova M (2021b) A preliminary checklist of the spiders of Kosovo (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologia Balkanica, Special Edition 4: 11-28
Heimer S, Nentwig W (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Berlin
Helsdingen P J van, IJland S, Komnenov M (2018) Inventory of the spiders (Araneae) of the border region of northern Greece with Albania and FYR Macedonia. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 37: 5-23
Isaia M, Tolve M, Pantini P (2025) Araneae.it: 2.0: the new updated version of the digital catalog of the Italian spiders and other arachnids (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 57: 197-204
Kmira G, Nasri-Ammar, Petillon J, Bosmans R (2025) Catalog of the spiders of Tunisia (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5641: 1-95
Komnenov M (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana 2: 1-267
Kulczyński W (1898) Symbola ad faunam aranearum Austriae inferioris cognoscendam. Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzen Wydzialu Matematyczno Przyrodniczego Akademji Umiejetnosci, Krakow 36: 1-114
Le Peru B (2007) Catalogue et répartition des araignées de France. Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468
Levy G (2003) Spiders of the families Anyphaenidae, Hahniidae, Ctenidae, Zoridae, and Hersiliidae (Araneae) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 49: 1-31
Martynovchenko F A, Mikhailov K G (2014) Spiders (Aranei) of Teberda State Reserve: fauna and biotopic distribution. Euroasian Entomological Journal 13: 355-371
Maurer R, Hänggi A (1990) Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen. Documenta Faunistica Helvetiae 12
Mazzoleni F, Pantini P, Pedrotti L, Gobbi M (2016) Zora alpina Kulczyński, 1915 (Araneae: Miturgidae): description of the male, redescription of the female. Zootaxa 4139: 445-450
Miller F (1947) Pavoucí zvírena hadcových stepí u Mohelna. Archiv Svazu na Výzkum a Ochranu Přírody i Krajiny v Zemi Moravskoslezské 7: 1-107
Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Ponomarev A V, Komarov Y E (2015) Spiders (Aranei) of the Republic of South Ossetia. The South of Russia: Ecology, Development 10(1): 116-147
Ponomarev A V, Mikhailov K G, Shmatko V Y (2024c) Review of the spider genus Zora C.L. Koch, 1847 (Aranei: Miturgidae) of Ciscaucasia and the Russian Caucasus. New data on the fauna and distribution, with material from neighbouring regions. Arthropoda Selecta 33: 589-607
Rehfeldt S, Cassar T (2024) A contribution to the arachnofauna (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones) of the Maltese Islands, with two new records for Europe. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 67: 18-47
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Urones C (2005) El género Zora C.L. Koch, 1847 (Arachnida, Araneae, Zoridae) en la Península Ibérica. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 11: 7-22
WSC (2025) World Spider Catalog. Version 26. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (28.2.2025) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 26-05-2025 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 21-01-2025 | Image insert | |
| 21-01-2025 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 17-06-2024 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 15-01-2024 | Image insert | |
| 20-09-2023 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 20-09-2023 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 12-07-2021 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 20-06-2021 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 16-10-2018 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 17-03-2018 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 03-02-2017 | Image insert | |
| 04-12-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 25-06-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |