Setaphis carmeli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
Description
Male
Blackish, relatively delicate spiders with bicolored legs: widened femora to tibiae black, slender metatarsi, and tarsi yellow. Eyes relatively small and closely grouped. Palpus relatively small and slender with nearly straight tibial apophysis. Transparent conductor rises behind embolus coils; low apical projection on tegulum hardly extends to sclerotized gutter-like tegular extension. Prosoma length: 1.8-2.0 mm, prosoma width: 1.4-1.5 mm.
Body length male: 4.1-4.6 mmFemale
Blackish, relatively delicate spiders with bicolored legs: widened femora to tibiae black, slender metatarsi, and tarsi yellow. Eyes relatively small and closely grouped. Epigyne relatively small, median M-like folds bordered anteriorly by fine, blackish sinuous rim with conspicuous lateral caps and by slightly raised hoods on sides. Yellow basal spermathecae extend into apically winding membranous folds. Prosoma length: 1.5-1.7 mm, prosoma width: 1.3-1.4 mm.
Body length female: 3.5-3.7 mmAdditional information
also in citrus groves
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Platnick & Murphy 1996)
Pedipalp
(Platnick & Murphy 1996)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 1998c)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1998c)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne et al. 2025)
Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view
(Lecigne et al. 2025)
Epigyne
(Platnick & Murphy 1996)
Epigyne
(Levy 1998c)
Vulva
(Platnick & Murphy 1996)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 1998c)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Suárez 2018)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Benhacene R, Adjami A, Hadjeb A, Kermiche K, Ouakid M L (2023) Bibliographic checklist of the Algerian spider fauna (Araneae). Zootaxa 5352: 301-357 
Benhalima S, Bosmans R (2024) First historical checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Morocco, between 1840–2024. Zootaxa 5555: 407-535
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Chatzaki M (2005) A catalogue of the spiders of Greece – a critical review of all spider species cited from Greece with their localities. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische arachnologische Vereniging 20 (2, suppl.): 1-124
Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Chatzaki M, Thaler K, Mylonas M (2003) Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneae) from Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. III. Zelotes and allied genera. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110: 45-89
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2025a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2025 [last updated 01 December 2025], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Deltshev C, Komnenov M, Blagoev G, Georgiev T, Lazarov S, Stojkoska E, Naumova M (2013) Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa Mountain (FYR Macedonia). Biodiversity Data Journal 1(e977): 1-70
Elkrew H, Hamza A, Ghana S, Shaibi T, Swehli A I, Elmareme H, Ahmad A (2024) Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Libya. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 22: 19346-19369
Isaia M, Tolve M, Pantini P (2025) Araneae.it: 2.0: the new updated version of the digital catalog of the Italian spiders and other arachnids (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 57: 197-204
Le Peru B (2007) Catalogue et répartition des araignées de France. Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468
Lecigne S, Moutaouakil S, Lips J (2025) Contribution to the knowledge of the spider fauna of Morocco (Arachnida: Araneae) – second note. On new species and new records from caves and miscellaneous terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of the Belgian Arachnological Society 40(1, supplement): 1-184
Levy G (1998c) The ground-spider genera Setaphis, Trachyzelotes, Zelotes, and Drassyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 44: 93-158
Mestre L, Piñol J, Barrientos J A, Cama A, Espadaler X (2012) Effects of ant competition and bird predation on the spider assemblage of a citrus grove. Basic and Applied Ecology 13: 355-362
Milosevic B (2002) Aranea – Popis vrsta – Checklist. Hrvatsko entomološko društvo – Inventar entomofaune Hrvatske [Aranea – List of species – Checklist. Croatian Entomological Society – Inventory of Croatian entomofauna].
Platnick N I, Murphy J A (1996) A review of the zelotine ground spider genus Setaphis (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates 3162: 1-23
Seyyar O, Ayyildiz N, Topçu A (2008a) Updated checklist of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) of Turkey, with zoogeographical and faunistic remarks. Entomological News 119: 509-520
Suárez D (2018) New records of spider species from the Canary Islands (Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 55: 60-63
WSC (2026) World Spider Catalog. Version 27. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (13.2.2026) doi: 10.24436/2