Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch, 1843)
Description
Tibial apophysis with distally pointed process. Conductor with slightly bent tip, pointing toward bulbus. Vulva anteriorly with 2 globular structures close to each other. Prosoma yellowish-grey, with 2 broad, dark brown to black longitudinal stripes. Sternum grey-brown, with brighter median part and bright spots near coxa. Legs yellowish-grey, unicoloured. Opisthosoma grey-brown, dorsally with 2 longitudinal rows of yellowish spots and slender, yellow median stripe.
Body length male: 10-14 mmBody length female: 11-16 mm
Additional information
In warm localities under stones, often in buildings.
This species can bite humans, usually when they try to catch or remove it with their hands. The bite is not very painful and an occasional moderate local swelling disappears within a few hours.
Troglophile species (Mammola et al. 2018).
E. atrica, duellica and saeva synonymyzed by Bolzern et al. (2013a) and separated again by Oxford & Bolzern (2018).
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Dahl 1931)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Dresco 1957)
Palpal tibia
(Locket et al. 1974)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Tibial apophysis
(Dresco 1957)
Tibia
(Loksa 1969)
Epigyne
(Merrett 1980)
Epigyne
(Merrett 1980)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
Epigyne
(Loksa 1969)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)
Vulva
(Dahl 1931)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Jäger 1995a)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Jäger 1995a)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Jäger 1995a)
Sternum
(Dahl 1931)
Sternum
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bolzern A, Burckhardt D, Hänggi A (2013b) Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data. Zool J Linn Soc 168: 723-848
Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Kronestedt T, Alderweireldt M, Bosselaers J, De Koninck H (2013) Spiders of Crete (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from the Greek island of Crete. Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 28 (Suppl. 1): 1-147 
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Dahl M (1931) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VI: Familie Agelenidae. Tierwelt Deutschlands 23: 1-136
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2019) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2018 [last updated 1 January 2019], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Dresco E (1957) Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Tegeneria et remarques sur Tegenaria saeva Black[.] et atrica C. Koch (Araneae, Agelenidae). Vie Milieu 8: 211-220
Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Jäger P (1995a) Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Araneae) der Wahner Heide (Nordrhein-Westfalen) mit Anmerkungen zur Biologie und Taxonomie. Diplomarbeit, Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Lissner J, Jensen J-K, Hansen L J, Simonsen W, Kelduni R, Nissen K (2016b) An updated checklist of spiders (Araneae) of the Faroe Islands. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 63: 197-240
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British Spiders 2. Ray Soc London
Locket G H, Millidge A F, Merrett P (1974) British Spiders 3. Ray Soc London
Loksa I (1969) Pokok I-Araneae I. Fauna Hungariae 97: 2.1-2.133
Mammola S, Cardoso P, Ribera C, Pavlek M, Isaia M (2018b) A synthesis on cave-dwelling spiders in Europe. Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56: 301-316
Merrett P (1980) Notes on the variation, identification and distribution of British species of the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae, Agelenidae). Bull Br Arachnol Soc 5: 1-8
Nentwig W, Gnädinger M, Fuchs J, Ceschi A (2013) A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature. Toxicon 73: 104-110
Oxford G S, Bolzern A (2018) Molecules v. morphology — is Eratigena atrica (Araneae: Agelenidae) one species or three? Arachnology 17: 337-357
Pantini P, Isaia M (2018) Checklist of the Italian spiders (version June 2018). online at http://www.museoscienzebergamo.it/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=96&Itemid=94
Roberts M J (1995) Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide Bath
World Spider Catalog (2019) World Spider Catalog, version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.01.2019) doi: 10.24436/2