Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)
Description
Male palp with median apophysis ending pointed. Epigyne with spoon-shaped scapus. Prosoma reddish dark brown. Opisthosoma extremely flat and uniformly reddish dark brown to almost black. Dark folium margined by narrow, yellowish line. Sides only slightly brighter than folium, mostly reddish brown.
Body length male: 7.5-9.0 mmBody length female: 11-16 mm
Additional information
Very often on trees and buildings in narrow crevices.
This species can bite humans. The bite is not very painful and pain disappears after a few minutes.
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1931)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1931)
Pedipalp in detail
(Loksa 1972)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tip of pedipalp, prolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
Epigyne
(Wiehle 1931)
Epigyne
(Loksa 1972)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Maxillae and labium, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Wiehle 1931)
Habitus
(Loksa 1972)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Distribution List
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2021a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2021 [last updated 1 January 2021], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Dentici A, Amata F C (2018) New faunistic data for the Sicilian arachnofauna (Arachnida Araneae). Biodiversity Journal 9: 271-276
Geci D, Naumova M (2021b) A preliminary checklist of the spiders of Kosovo (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologia Balkanica, Special Edition 4: 11-28
Helsdingen P J van (2013) A quick scan of the spider fauna of the European part of Turkey. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 33: 29-38
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Komnenov M (2010) Checklist of spiders (Araneae) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Uzizaž i Biospeld 5(2009): 52-69
Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Lissner J (2016c) A small study of the Corsican spider and pseudoscorpion fauna (Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones). Nieuwsbrief SPINED 36: 5-15
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp.
Loksa I (1972) Pokok II-Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 1-112
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Nentwig W, Gnädinger M, Fuchs J, Ceschi A (2013) A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature. Toxicon 73: 104-110
Otto S (2020) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 10.2020. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Roberts M J (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Vilbaste A (1987) Eesti Ämblikud (Aranei). Annoteeritud nimestik. Estonian spiders (Aranei). An annotated check list. Valgus, Tallinn. 113 pp. & 512 maps on 67 unpag. pages
Wiehle H (1931) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VI. 27: Familie Araneidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 23: 47-136
WSC (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (22.09.2021) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 19-06-2021 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 08-06-2020 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 14-05-2020 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 13-12-2018 | Image insert | |
| 16-10-2018 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 03-06-2018 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 22-09-2017 | Image insert | |
| 28-12-2016 | Datasheet update | Detail |
| 28-12-2016 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 29-08-2016 | Image insert | |
| 24-12-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 26-11-2013 | Datasheet update | Detail |