Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)
Description
Male palp with median apophysis ending pointed. Epigyne with spoon-shaped scapus. Prosoma reddish dark brown. Opisthosoma extremely flat and uniformly reddish dark brown to almost black. Dark folium margined by narrow, yellowish line. Sides only slightly brighter than folium, mostly reddish brown.
Body length male: 7.5 mmBody length female: 14-16 mm
Additional information
Very often on trees and buildings in narrow crevices.
This species can bite humans. The bite is not very painful and pain disappears after a few minutes.
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1931)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Pedipalp
(Wiehle 1931)
Pedipalp in detail
(Loksa 1972)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tip of pedipalp, prolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
Epigyne
(Wiehle 1931)
Epigyne
(Loksa 1972)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Maxillae and labium, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Wiehle 1931)
Habitus
(Loksa 1972)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152 
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2019) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2018 [last updated 1 January 2019], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Dentici A, Amata F C (2018) New faunistic data for the Sicilian arachnofauna (Arachnida Araneae). Biodiversity Journal 9: 271-276
Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org
Helsdingen P J van (2013) A quick scan of the spider fauna of the European part of Turkey. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 33: 29-38
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Lissner J (2016c) A small study of the Corsican spider and pseudoscorpion fauna (Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones). Nieuwsbrief SPINED 36: 5-15
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British Spiders 2. Ray Soc London
Loksa I (1972) Pokok II-Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 3.1-3.112
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Nentwig W, Gnädinger M, Fuchs J, Ceschi A (2013) A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature. Toxicon 73: 104-110
Otto S (2017) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 08.2017. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2018) Checklist of the Italian spiders (version June 2018). online at http://www.museoscienzebergamo.it/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=96&Itemid=94
Roberts M J (1995) Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide Bath
Vilbaste A (1987) Eesti Ämblikud (Aranei). Annoteeritud nimestik. Estonian spiders (Aranei). An annotated check list. Valgus, Tallinn. 113 pp. & 512 maps on 67 unpag. pages
Wiehle H (1931) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VI. 27: Familie Araneidae. Tierwelt Deutschlands 23
World Spider Catalog (2019) World Spider Catalog, version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.01.2019) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 13-12-2018 | Image insert | |
| 16-10-2018 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 03-06-2018 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 22-09-2017 | Image insert | |
| 28-12-2016 | Datasheet update | Old value |
| 28-12-2016 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 29-08-2016 | Image insert | |
| 24-12-2013 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 26-11-2013 | Datasheet update | Old value |