Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour, 1820)
Description
Male palp with hook-shaped median apophysis. Cymbium dorsally with a field of short, dense bristles. Conductor transparent. Embolus short, blunt. Epigyne with long, narrow, finger-shaped scapus. Prosoma yellow-whitish with extended black pattern. Eye field white. Legs yellowish-grey, annulated with black. Opisthosoma yellow-whitish anteriorly, black pattern medially, grey posteriorly.
Body length male: 10-13 mmBody length female: 10-19 mm
Additional information
In open woodland, under stones and bark, often synanthropic in and on buildings. Females sit in a brood chamber on the cocoon and apparently do not leave it anymore, egg laying in spring, maturity in autumn, lives one year.
This species can bite humans, usually when they try to catch or remove it with their hands (in urban areas, mainly in buildings). The bite is not very painful and an occasional moderate local swelling disappears within a few hours.
Since a few decades, this species shows some spreading tendencies within Europe. Nevertheless, it shall not be listed as alien or invasive because it is native for Europe.
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Griswold & Ubick 2001)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Knoflach 1998c)
Pedipalp
(Griswold & Ubick 2001)
Pedipalp
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Pedipalp
(Thaler & Knoflach 1998c)
Pedipalp
(Thaler & Knoflach 1998c)
Epigyne
(Griswold & Ubick 2001)
Epigyne
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Thaler & Knoflach 1998c)
Epigyne
(Nadolny 2016)
Vulva
(Griswold & Ubick 2001)
Vulva
(Thaler & Knoflach 1998c)
Habitus
(Griswold & Ubick 2001)
Habitus
(Murphy & Murphy 2000)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Nadolny 2016)
Eyes, dorsal view
(Murphy & Murphy 2000)
Spinnerets with cribellum
(Murphy & Murphy 2000)
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R. (unpubl.) Provisional list of spiders of North Africa. Database excerpt Aug. 2019
Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144
Dolejš P, Prudek M (2019) Zoropsis spinimana in the Czech Republic? Pavouk 46: 5 
Griswold C E, Ubick D (2001) Zoropsidae: a spider family newly introduced to the USA (Araneae, Entelegynae, Lycosoidea). J Arachnol 29: 111-113
Hänggi A, Zürcher I (2013) Zoropsis spinimana – eine mediterrane Spinne ist in Basel (NW-Schweiz) heimisch geworden. Mitt Nat.forsch Ges beider Basel 14: 125-134
Harvey P (2012) Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour, 1820) established indoors in Britain. Newsl Br Arachnol Soc 125: 20-21
Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org
Helsdingen P J van (2015b) Binnenwandelende exoten. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 35: 33-34
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Murphy F, Murphy J (2000) An Introduction to the spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur
Nadolny A A (2016) The first record of Zoropsis spinimana (Aranei, Zoropsidae) in the Crimea. Zoology and Ecology 26: 127-128
Nentwig W, Gnädinger M, Fuchs J, Ceschi A (2013) A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature. Toxicon 73: 104-110
Otto S (2019) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 10.2019. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online Catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other Arachnid Orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). http://araneae.it. [Old pdf-version: Checklist of the Italian spiders (version June 2018). online at Pantini_&_Isaia_- _Checklist_of_the_Italian_spiders._June_2018.] Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Pesarini C (unpubl.)
Pfliegler W A, Schönhofer A, Niedbała W, Vella P, Sciberras A, Vella A (2017) New records of mites (Acari) and harvestmen (Opiliones) from Malta with a preliminary checklist of Maltese Arachnida. Soil Organisms 89: 85-110
Szinetár C, Török T, Szűts T (2014) Zoropsis spinimana, mint új épületlakó pókfaj magyarországon [Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour, 1820) new synantrop spider species in Hungary]. A Nyme Savaria Egyetemi Központ Tudományos Közleményei XX. Természettudományok 15: 105-113
Thaler K, Knoflach B (1998c) Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour), eine für Österreich neue Adventivart (Araneae, Zoropsidae). Ber Nat - Med Ver Innsbruck 85: 173-185
World Spider Catalog (2019) World Spider Catalog, version 20.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.09.2019) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 21-10-2019 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 09-03-2018 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 17-01-2017 | Image insert | |
| 06-12-2016 | Datasheet update | Old value |
| 06-12-2016 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 22-12-2015 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 04-12-2013 | Distribution update | Old value |
| 26-11-2013 | Datasheet update | Old value |