Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836)
Description
Male
Palp very particular: tibia at least twice as long as broad, tarsus with a large apophysis divided into 3 branches, bulb with 2 long apophyses. Prosoma 1 mm long. Prosoma almost colourless, whitish with saffron-coloured spot. Opisthosoma globular, white or with 3 pairs of vague, darker spots.
Female
Prosoma whitish with 2 faint brownish marks. Prosoma 1.2 mm long. Opisthosoma very globular, white with 3 pairs of faint darker spots.
Body length female: 2.1 mmAdditional information
Under stones, in stone walls and caves, in northern regions in buildings.
This species of Asian (Middle East) origin is not native to Europe (alien species). It had been introduced to Europe at least once and did establish.
Troglophile species (Mammola et al. 2018)
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Dresco & Hubert 1969)
Pedipalp
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
Pedipalp
(Dresco & Hubert 1969)
Pedipalp
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Schifani et al. 2019)
Epigyne
(Dresco & Hubert 1969)
Epigyne
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
Epigyne
(Schifani et al. 2019)
Vulva
(Dresco & Hubert 1969)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
Chelicerae, frontal view
(Dresco & Hubert 1969)
Habitus, lateral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
References
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S (2019) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2018 [last updated 1 January 2019], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Demircan N, Topçu A (2016) First records for spider fauna of the European part of Turkey (Araneae). Serket 15: 85-91 
Dresco E, Hubert M (1969) Araneae speluncarum italiae I. Fragm Ent 6: 167-181
Heimer S, Nentwig W (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Berlin
Helsdingen P J van (2010a) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Kovács G, Szinetár C, Eichardt J (2008) Data on the biology of pale cellar spider (Spermophora senoculata [Dugés, 1836]) (Araneae: Pholcidae). A Nyme Savaria Egyetemi Központ Tudományos Közleményei XVI. Természettudományok 11(Biológia): 125-135
Kunt K B, Kaya R S, Özkütük R S, Danişman T, Yagmur E A, Elverici M (2012) Additional notes on the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 36: 637-651
Le Peru B (2011) The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 2: 1-522
Mammola S, Cardoso P, Ribera C, Pavlek M, Isaia M (2018b) A synthesis on cave-dwelling spiders in Europe. Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56: 301-316
Miller F, Zitnanska O (1976) Einige bemerkenswerte Spinnen aus der Slowakei. Biologia Bratisl 31: 81-88
Moscaliuc L A (2012) New faunistic records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria). Trav Mus Nat Hist Nat "Grigore Antipa" 55: 9-15
Otto S (2017) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 08.2017. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2018) Checklist of the Italian spiders (version June 2018). online at http://www.museoscienzebergamo.it/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=96&Itemid=94
Pesarini C (unpubl.)
Pfliegler W A, Schönhofer A, Niedbała W, Vella P, Sciberras A, Vella A (2017) New records of mites (Acari) and harvestmen (Opiliones) from Malta with a preliminary checklist of Maltese Arachnida. Soil Organisms 89: 85-110
Schifani E, Dentici A, Alleruzzo L, Di Pompeo P (2019) Spermophora senoculata on Sicily/Italy (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 58: 6-8
World Spider Catalog (2019) World Spider Catalog, version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (20.01.2019) doi: 10.24436/2